The development of social entrepreneurship as a special business type is in its beginning in Latvia, therefore its development conditions have been researched very little. The legislation regulating this type of business activity commences on the 1st April 2018. In order to promote the development of social entrepreneurship and at the same time promote employment opportunities for unemployed persons who are less favoured, persons with disabilities and other socially vulnerable persons, the EU Structural Funds support for the realization of these strategic goals is available for social businesses. The research carried out a comparative analysis of the legal framework regulating social entrepreneurship in the Baltic States and an analysis of economic preconditions and the support system for social entrepreneurship. The present research contributes to research on social entrepreneurship in two aspects: 1) the legal framework distinguishing this business form from others is analysed; 2) economic preconditions for social entrepreneurship as well as its socio-economic goals and the relevant institutional framework in Latvia are analysed. The subject of the research: preconditions and prerequisites for social entrepreneurship. Methods of the research: the monographic method, statistical analysis and comparative analysis.
Social entrepreneurs play an important role in the economic and social development of the communities in which they operate. The career aspiration of social entrepreneurs can be encouraged if youths are given early educa-tional exposure when they are young. The purpose of this paper is to work out the proposal for study curriculum in order to include a subject of social entrepreneurship. To attain this aim, the following tasks were put forward: (1) to research literature regarding social entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship education; (2) to describe the empiri-cal research methodology; (3) to discuss research results; (4) to propose a module for teaching social entrepreneurship to business students. These tasks account for the structure of the article: introduction, literature review, methodology, results and discussion, conclusions and recommendations. The theoretical basis of the current article consists of recent literature on the social entrepreneurship (taking into account Covid-19 circumstances), social entrepreneurship educa-tion, as well as of the legal documents of the Republic of Latvia. The empirical research is bipartite – first, a survey of business students, applying the snowball sampling method, using 5-point Likert scale questionnaire, second, a survey of business school lecturers. The results are interpreted using methods of descriptive and inferential statistics – mean ranking and Kruskal Wallis test. The results of the research have a practical value, as they identify the problematic areas of business education in regard to social entrepreneurship and make it possible to offer a practical solution – an insert module of social entrepreneurship.
In terms of Kyoto protocol, the reduction of CO2 emissions of the transport used in tourism is an important goal for Latvia. Based on a top-down and a bottom-up approach, the CO2 emissions of tourism transport and its types were estimated, while analysing the relation between the CO2 emissions from tourism transport and the relevant input of the tourism transport as part of GDP and vice versa. The results concerning the period 2010 till 2017 showed that the CO2 emissions caused by tourism transport rose from 996.8 x 10 3 kg/km to 1527.3 x 10 3 kg/km. The aviation transport associated with the increased tourism activity is the main cause for the increase of CO2 emissions in Latvia. The connection between the CO2 emissions from tourism and the contribution of tourism transport to GDP is linear. The trend in increase of CO2 emissions in the tourism industry is similar to that of other industries.
Rapid internationalization of the European business environment requires development of international project and team management, intercultural internal and external communications, conflict management skills, etc. These skills, in their turn, involve negotiation process (strategical, tactical and ethical aspects) and cross-cultural proficiency. Development of such skills could be regarded as responsibility of the university. The purpose of the present study is to research MBA students' attitude to different negotiation tactics depending on their cultural background. The tasks of the study are: (1) to establish the theoretical framework (theories, concepts, research paradigms); (2) to work out the research design and conduct the research; (3) to interpret empirical results and work out proposal-a free standing mini-module "Intercultural negotiation skills" for the university. The main research method applied is a survey using 5-point Likert scale. Using a questionnaire derived based on SINS scale ("Self-reported Inappropriate Negotiation Strategy Scale" created by R. J. Robinson, R. J. Lewicki and E. M. Donahue) 88 MBA students of the Latvian universities rated 16 negotiation tactics on a 5-point appropriate-inappropriate scale. Analyses of scale ratings yielded results that students' evaluation of negotiation tactics did not depend on cultural background (the research was conducted among international students) in statistically significant way, though there were differences in responses within evaluation of certain statements. The article works out suggestions how to incorporate issues of intercultural negotiation strategies within courses.
Economic growth in a region affects the demand for labour, including qualified labour. The research analysed changes in the supply of qualified labour and jobs in Latvia. The research revealed that: 1) the supply of jobs by employers increased in the period 2010-2016; 2) the number of vacant jobs also increased in the same period. The research showed that there was a surplus of qualified labour in the national economy of Latvia at the existing output level and supply of jobs. A strong positive correlation was identified between the number of vacant jobs and net earnings (r=0.80). The number of vacant jobs in the period 2010-2016 changed according to a linear trend (R2= 0.86).
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