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To determine the prevalence of self-medication in nursing students and their related factors, a transversal, descriptive study was performed on a sample of 378 nursing students. A total of 73.8% of the sample declared having used off-prescription drugs during the last month (2.84;2.26–3.58). A total of 28.9% said they did this because they are familiar with the health problem and its pharmacological solution and 25% deemed that it was a mild health problem. Drugs most commonly used off-prescription were analgesics in 88.91% (3.63;2.74–4.80) of occasions. They were mainly recommended by the students’ family (1.31;1.03–1.65) on 58.12% of the cases. Students keep analgesics they take off-prescription in their home first aid kit (4.47;3.28–6.08; p < 0.001). Unlike other studies, 53.2% obtained off-prescription drugs from the home first aid kit (1.13;0.89–1.43; p < 0.001). In addition, they gave advice and recommend drugs they have taken to other people with similar symptoms (1.97;1.59–2.44). A total of 85.72% kept excess drugs after a treatment (6.00;4.50–7.99). Self-medication is related to the storage of unused medicines and giving advice on the use of drugs to other people, among other things. Self-medication of drugs among nursing students is high. Thus, it appears necessary to review the training on rational the use of drugs and responsible self-medication in the discipline’s curriculum.

Violence in general, including that directed towards older people, constitutes a public health problem. Through a systematic review of the literature, an analysis is undertaken of this problem, including gender as an additional risk factor. The last five years have seen a noticeable increase in the attention paid by professionals and researchers to gender-based violence directed towards the older woman. As a consequence of under-reporting on the part of the victims, and of the difficulty of detection on that of professionals, the statistical data would appear not to reflect the scale of the problem accurately.

Breast cancer has major public health implications, as it is the most frequent malignant tumor and the leading cause of cancer death in women. Survivors have many needs, including strategies to cope with the associated distress. We explore whether focus groups are useful for nurses to obtain information about the emotional state of breast cancer women, and develop strategies for coping with the stress that this disease entails. A qualitative study was carried out, involving 25 focus groups with 83 women treated for breast cancer, recruited from the local Breast Cancer Association (ALMOM). Four open-ended questions were employed, and 60-min discussions were carried out. They were transcribed, analyzed, coded, and the themes identified. Four major themes emerged, including “complex emotional evolution”, “emotional isolation”, “lack of information” and “inability to give advice”. Women admitted that this disease had been a stressful factor for them, causing emotional (anxiety, irritability, anger or guilt) and cognitive disorders (confusion, lack of concentration, forgetfulness). The use of focus groups in breast cancer survivors allows nurses to evaluate the expression of emotions in these women, and collect and share information about their feelings, thoughts and experiences, so that survivors can cope more easily with the stress related to their illness.

Resumen El concepto teórico de fragilidad está ampliamente aceptado, pero su aplicación a la práctica presenta algunas limitaciones debido a la existencia de múltiples herramientas para su detección precoz y propuestas de intervención. En esta breve revisión de situación, se pretende resumir las últimas evidencias respecto a la detección precoz y el abordaje de la fragilidad en Atención Primaria.El cribado se basa en la detección oportunista de casos mediante búsqueda activa a partir de los 70 años, usando como herramientas una prueba de ejecución y la escala FRAIL. Se aconseja confirmación con el Frailty Index.Su abordaje debe ser multidimensional centrado en el entrenamiento de fuerza muscular, suplementos proteicos y la revisión de la medicación.La fragilidad es evitable, y se necesita poner el foco en la detección precoz. A pesar de los avances en los últimos años, es necesaria más investigación en busca del modelo de atención más eficaz. PALABRAS CLAVE: persona mayor, fragilidad, atención primaria, detección precoz Summary Although the theoretical concept of frailty is widely accepted, its practical application is somehow limited due to the existence of multiple tools related to its early detection and intervention proposals. In this brief review of the situation, the aim is to summarize the latest evidence regarding early detection and management of frailty in Primary Health Care. The screening is based on opportunistic case detection by active search from the age of 70, using a performance test and the FRAIL scale as tools. Confirmation using the Frailty Index is recommended. Its approach should be multidimensional and focusingon muscle strength training, protein supplementation and medication review. Frailty is preventable, and emphasis should be placed on early detection. Despite advances in recent years, more research is needed in order to find the most effective healthcare model. KEYWORDS:elderly, frailty, primary healht care, early detection

RESUMEN La Década del Envejecimiento Saludable reabre oportunidades para invertir en entornos adaptados a las personas mayores y en sistemas integrados de atención sanitaria y social. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar esas ventanas de oportunidad para Enfermería. El envejecimiento saludable implica que las personas mayores contribuyen a la sociedad durante más tiempo, con oportunidades para gozar de buena salud, y para mantener y desarrollar las capacidades, y que está determinado por la capacidad funcional, la capacidad intrínseca y el entorno físico y social. Para ello, son precisos sistemas sociales y de salud integrados, transformadores y centrados en las personas, en lugar de sistemas basados únicamente en la enfermedad. Enfermería puede contribuir cambiando la forma de pensar, de sentir y de actuar con respecto a la edad y el envejecimiento, ofreciendo una atención integrada y centrada en las personas, adaptando el modelo de cuidados, con el foco en la promoción de la salud y la prevención de la enfermedad, y la atención de las personas mayores potenciando sus capacidades y su autonomía, en especial desde la Atención Primaria. Luchar contra el edadismo, formar a enfermeras en competencia de práctica avanzada, mejorar la accesibilidad, formar a las personas mayores y sus familias en materia digital, investigando sobre estos factores, son oportunidades que vuelve a abrir el Informe sobre la Década del Envejecimiento Saludable para Enfermería. Palabras clave: envejecimiento saludable, edadismo, atención centrada en la persona, accesibilidad, enfermería. ABSTRACT The Decade of Healthy Ageing reopens opportunities to invest in age-friendly environments and integrated health and social care systems. The aim of this paper is to analyse these windows of opportunity for Nursing. Healthy ageing implies that older people contribute to society for longer, with opportunities to have good health, and to maintain and develop capabilities, and that it is determined by functional ability, intrinsic capacity and the physical and social environment. This requires integrated, transformative and people-centred health and social systems, rather than systems based on disease. Nursing can contribute by changing the way we think, feel and act about age and ageing, offering integrated and person-centred care, adapting the model of care, with a focus on health promotion and disease prevention, and care for older people by enhancing their capabilities and autonomy, especially in primary care. Fighting against ageism, training nurses in advanced practice competency, improving accessibility, training older people and their families in digital matters, researching on these factors, are opportunities that the Decade of Healthy Ageing Report reopens for Nursing. Key words: healthy aging, ageism, person-centred care, accessibility, nursing

Smoking causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, mainly in developed countries. In addition, it is the cause of numerous diseases in the body, despite the fact that the prevalence of tobacco use is decreasing. Nursing students, as future professionals, should be aware of action plans for cessation and information designed for smokers. To determine the level of knowledge among nursing students about smoking-related diseases and analyze the prevalence of student who smoke at the University of Leon, Spain, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in which students were given an anonymous questionnaire, which was previously validated, during the 2021–2022 academic year. In a sample of 477 (79.5%) nursing students, a smoking prevalence of 17.6% was obtained. In addition, students’ knowledge about the diseases directly caused by tobacco consumption and others associated with exposure to environmental smoke was assessed, and in both cases (8.03 points of 9 for consumption and 5.24 of 6 to exposure), scores were obtained that allow us to state that students do not know for sure the types of diseases that are related to tobacco use and passive smoking. In spite of this, it is necessary to continue to reduce the prevalence of smoking through different programs implemented in schools and universities, as it is also necessary to improve teaching plans when explaining smoking-related diseases, so that students, in the future, will be able to advise patients correctly.

RESUMENEl objetivo de este trabajo fue validar y conocer las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Memoria Cotidiana (CMC) inspirado en el Everyday Memory Questionnaire (EMQ) de Baddeley (1997). Se comprobó su fiabilidad y la validez de constructo y se determinaron sus dimensiones a través de su análisis factorial. En un primer momento participaron 129 adultos sin patología cognitiva, de edades comprendidas entre los 48 y los 91 años de edad. En un segundo momento, con una muestra de 510 adultos sanos de edades comprendidas entre los 48 y los 90 años, se quiso saber si existe afectación diferenciada de las distintas dimensiones de memoria cotidiana establecidas. Los resultados permiten concluir que dicha medida pluridimensional posee propiedades psicométricas adecuadas, alfa de Cronbach de .91, y se evidencia que existen sistemas o áreas componentes de la memoria cotidiana diferencialmente resistentes al deterioro. Los fallos cognitivos autoinformados indican que las áreas que más deterioro sufren con el paso de los años son el recuerdo del sitio de las cosas y la memoria de fuente, siendo la más resistente la memoria autobiográfica en ambos sexos.ABSTRACTThe main of this work was to validate and to know the psychometric properties of the Cuestionario de Memoria Cotidiana (CMC) inspired in Baddeley's Everyday Memory Questionnaire (EMQ) (1997). We checked their reliability and construct validity and their dimensions were determined through their factorial analysis. We make, at first, with a sample of 129 adults not suffering from any cognitive pathology and aged between 48 and 91 years. And at a later stage, a sample of 510 healthy adults with ages ranging from 48 and 90 years was used to discover if there were any differentiation of effects in the various dimensions of everyday memory that were established. Results shown that this multi-dimensional measurement has acceptable psychometric properties, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.91, and also provided evidence that there are systems or areas making up every-day memory that are differentially resistant to deterioration. Self-reported cognitive failures indicated that the areas suffering most downgrading with the passage of time are recall of the location of objects and source memory, with autobiographic memory being more resistant in both sexes.