Eco-enzymes or Garbage enzymes have emerged as a solution to managing organic wastes. These organic wastes containing carbon compounds are discharged from houses that ultimately end up in landfills. Eco-enzymes or Garbage enzymes are mainly concerned with the enzymes produced from the anaerobic fermentation of fresh vegetables or fruit wastes. The longer the fermentation period, the better its efficiency. This review is carried out with the intention of bringing forth all the enzymes isolated so far from household organic wastes and their various applications, including the microorganisms involved in the process. Production of Ecoenzymes or Garbage enzymes is very straightforward. It requires fresh vegetable and/or fruit wastes, a sugar source in the form of jaggery, molasses or brown sugar, water, and airtight plastic containers. These are mixed in a 3:1:10 ratio respectively and kept for three months, whereby through anaerobic fermentation, the wastes get converted to enzymes. After three months, this organic liquid loaded with hydrolytic enzymes can be used in a wide variety of ways. Applying Eco-enzymes or Garbage enzymes includes treating wastewater sludge as a potent disinfectant and fertilizer, antibacterial agent in endodontic treatments, and hand sanitizer. These bio-enzymes are a one-stop solution to managing many issues. From being a disinfectant and biofertilizer to having great potential in cleaning waste water while reducing the need for landfills that releases methane gases which play a significant role in global warming, it is a multipurpose liquid.
Diabetes has emerged as a pandemic and has caused a great percentage of mortality all over the world according to the World Health Organization (WHO). This worldwide health issue has turned to be a major concern as it shares its role in the onset and progression of many other metabolic diseases along with it. Several factors that include microbes such as bacteria and viruses, diet, and lifestyle comes into play in the progression of this autoimmune disease. Studies done on humans and experimental animal models have provided a great deal of knowledge on how bacteria and viruses are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Nevertheless, the need for more investigations is required to understand the relationship between the microbes and disease development. This review deals with the underlying reasons of diabetes Type I and Type II especially with respect to the microbes in the body and the subsequent changes caused through them.
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