Variations of course and number of renal vessels are not so uncommon and their knowledge is important for planning of minimally invasive renal surgeries. The earlier literature reports a prevalence of precaval right renal artery between 0.8% and 5%. Normally, the right renal artery passes posterior to the inferior vena cava, but it can also be precaval where it passes anterior to inferior vena cava. The multidetector row contrast enhanced computed tomography angiography allows precise evaluation of renal vasculature. The aim of this retrospective study is to determine the prevalence of precaval right renal artery. Amongst 73 MDCT scans studied, we identified 4 cases of precaval right renal artery with the prevalence being 5.48%, more than what is reported in the earlier literature. We also report a single and dominant precaval right renal artery in one of the cases, which is a rare finding. On the basis of these results, we conclude that precaval right renal artery appears to be more common and so the knowledge of this variant holds a major clinical implication in preventing misinterpretation of radiological images and proper planning of interventional procedures and minimally invasive surgeries.
Tooth extraction is one of the very common procedures performed in a dental setup. Tooth loss might influence the patients' class of life and it is a significant indicator of oral hygiene. However, it is indicated in conditions where a tooth is already fractured or spoiled by dental caries beyond a situation where it could be restored by restorations like endodontic fillings or prosthetic options. Every so often, however, there is excessive harm for the tooth to be repaired. There are many reasons as to why a tooth has to be extracted. Few of them are trauma, periodontal diseases, orthodontic reasons, caries-affected, impactions, supernumerary teeth, and for prosthetic management. Tooth extraction is known to be the deletion of a tooth from its socket in the jaws. There are various techniques employed for the same. Though dentists handle it in a very effective manner, there are few chances of complications and failures to occur. One common failure encountered is the fracture of tooth. It may occur in either the crown portion or the root. Fracture of roots can still be classified into three. Of which this article, deals with the fracture at apical one-third and apical two-thirds of the root. This article deals with various techniques for the removal of the broken apical third or two-third that remains in situ.
In ”present study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was carried out using SSR HvSSR markers in F7 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between two potential indica genotypes, Danteshwari and Dagad Deshi”. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population consisting of 122 lines was constructed from a cross between Danteshwari a high yielding popular rice cultivar and Dagad Deshi a tall deep rooted poor yielder”. “Six QTL’s were identified on chromosome1, 5, & 9 for bacterial blight tolerance” and explained 0.17% - 8.24% phenotypic variation at LOD value of > 2.5. “Three QTL’s were on CH# 1 (marker interval RM259 to RM243, RM572 to 58.61 cM and RM3825 to 147.21 cM), one on CH#5 (marker interval RM188 to 101.01cM) and two on CH#9 (marker interval HvSSR937 to 67.61 cM, and RM242 to RM278) which influenced lesion length”. “QTL influencing lesion length with positive additive effect” (one) “and negative additive effects” (05) were “identified indicating” that “alleles at these loci are being contributed by either of the parents respectively”.
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