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Increasing post-compulsory participation in science and science-related subjects is seen as a key education policy priority in England and more widely. This paper uses descriptive analysis of national data to investigate the effects of science attainment at 16, gender, socio-economic status, and school science pathway on progression into post-16 traditional and vocational science courses in state funded schools in England. Comparisons are also made with progression into non-science subjects (history, mathematics and psychology). Multi-level statistical modelling is employed to provide independent estimates for all these effects, whilst also taking into account mathematics attainment at 16, and whether or not the 14-16 school also teaches to 18.The key findings of the descriptive analysis are that progression rates vary widely across post-16 sciences in terms of both gender and socio-economic status, but that other subjects too vary in these regards. Once prior attainment is accounted for, the gender differences across science and some other subjects largely remain but those due to socio-economic status are to some extent ameliorated. In terms of school science pathways, those students doing 'more' science at 14-16 are found to be

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Susan Harper writes about how a cross-cultural learning community can be formed where people from different cultures are not simply assimilated into a school science community but are seen and heard. This makes learning reciprocal and meaningful for both recent refugees and the dominant population. Although maybe not refugees, students from poorer backgrounds in many countries are less likely to choose science at a post-compulsory level. This article discusses some of the potential barriers that are faced by many of these students, that prevent them from participating in school science. It suggests how people involved in school science might address these issues to allow a smoother cultural border crossing between the students' cultures and school science culture by reducing the significance of the crossing.Keywords Inclusion Á Cultural capital Á Identity Á Border crossing Á Relevance In her article Keystone characteristics that support cultural resilience in Karen refugee parents, Susan Harper demonstrates the importance of a cross-cultural learning community, that includes parents, children and schools, for effective and embodied science learning for the whole school and wider community. This leads to a climate of shared learning where Karen culture is not assimilated into the dominant culture of (school) science but is articulated and heard, making learning reciprocal, and therefore meaningful

In England, a relatively new set of post-16 qualifications has been developed under the umbrella term ‘Core Maths’, with a focus on the application of mathematics in context, including the kinds of mathematics needed to support other subjects, to provide a sound basis for the mathematical demands of higher education and employment and to develop problem-solving skills for use in life. The UK government has an ambition that all post-16 students should be studying some mathematics, and Core Maths was designed in part with this aspiration in mind. In this paper, longitudinal questionnaire data from over 100 Core Maths students in 13 case study institutions are analysed to measure students’ views of teaching as transmissionist, their mathematical dispositions and self-identification and how these change over a year of studying Core Maths. We find some evidence that pedagogy in lessons is perceived as being less transmissionist than it was in school mathematics pre-16. There is also some evidence of a negative change in students’ mathematical dispositions over a year of Core Maths. We conclude that supporting teachers in embedding new pedagogical approaches remains a challenge and that this issue could inhibit the growth of new qualifications like Core Maths.

Dynamo Assessment is a computerized assessment that tests children's performance on 14 mathematical components. 4 of these components involve number magnitude (visual quantity approximation, ordering numbers, number comparison, estimation); 4 involve number meanings (counting; single-digit number symbols; multi-digit number symbols; sequencing) and 6 involve number relationships and arithmetic (number facts; mental strategies; number bonds; problem solving; tens; and multiplication. It has mainly been used to plan interventions. This study aimed to find out more about typically developing children's performance. 2759 children between 7 and 11 underwent the assessment. Key findings are that all tests correlate significantly with one another, and that performance on all tests improves with age. When the Number Magnitude scores were grouped together, the biggest age change seemed to occur between ages 9 and 10. The same was true for the Number Relationships scores. When the Number Meaning scores were grouped together, the biggest age change seemed to occur between ages 8 and 9. The Number Meaning and Number Magnitude scores correlated negatively with the reaction times to these tests (faster children did better), but the Number Relationships score correlated positively with reaction time (slower children did better). Implications for our understanding of mathematical development are discussed.