This study was designed to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria and the associated risk factors in patients with childhoodonset diabetes mellitus (DM). One hundred and sixty-three patients (141 with type 1 DM [DM1] and 22 with type 2 DM [DM2]), aged 8 to 28 years, were evaluated for albumin excretion rate and HbAi c . The mean duration of DM was 8.1 ± 3.4 and 5.5 ± 3.9 years in DM1 and DM2, respectively. Persistent microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria were observed in 11.3% and 2.8% of patients with DM1, and 18.2% and 4.5% in patients with DM2, respectively. In DM1, the duration of DM, age of onset, and HbAu levels were significant predictors of microalbuminuria. Our observations suggest that screening for microalbuminuria should be started from early adolescence in patients with DM1 and DM2.
KEY WORDStype 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, microalbuminuria
PATIENTS AND METHODS
The oral glucose tolerance test is superior to the fasting and postprandial plasma glucose test for the early detection of abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with Turner syndrome.
Abstract:A comparison was made of good quality blastocysts obtained after either conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). After IVF or ICSI, fertilized oocytes were kept in culture for a further 5 to 7 days before embryo transfer (ET) or embryo freezing. No differences were found in the number of oocytes showing two-pronuclei between conventional IVF (76.9%) and ICSI groups (85.1%). A cohort of 60 and 74 oocytes in the pronuclear stage were cultured after IVF and ICSI, respectively. The number of fertilized oocytes reaching the blastocyst stage was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the IVF group (73.3%) than in the ICSI group (56.8%). A total of 86 blastocysts were categorized into three grades depending on their morphology. The number of blastocyst embryos achieving blastocyst grade 1 (BG1) was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the IVF group than in the ICSI group, 63.3% and 13.5%, respectively. In the IVF group, 10.0% and 0% of 2PN oocytes developed to BG2 and BG3, and 2.7% and 4.1% in the ICSI group, respectively, with no significant differences between the two groups. Pregnancy rate was higher in the IVF group than in the ICSI group, 50% and 20%, respectively. It was concluded that fertilized oocytes resulting from ICSI cannnot be successfully cultured for 5-7 days for blastulation and blastocyst-ET.
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