ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the distribution of T-lymphocytes and their relationship with clinicopathologic factors in endometrial carcinoma.MethodsSamples were collected from 89 patients with endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma treated in Pusan National University Hospital from 2004 to 2011. Normal endometrial tissues were obtained from 30 hysterectomized women with benign adnexal masses and served as controls. Paraffin-embedded sections were immunohistochemically stained for CD8 (cytotoxic) and CD4 (helper) T-lymphocytes. The relationship of these cells with stage, histological grade, myometrial invasion, and lymph node metastasis was analyzed.ResultsThe proportion of CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocytes in the endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma tissues was 67.4% (60/89) and 44.9% (40/89), respectively, which was significantly higher (P<0.05) than in the control group. The extent of CD8+ lymphocyte expression was negatively correlated with histologic grade, myometrial invasion, and lymph node metastasis. The proportion of infiltration of the CD4+ lymphocytes was negatively correlated with histologic grade and myometrial invasion.ConclusionThe high rate of infiltration of T-lymphocytes was negatively correlated with histologic grade, myometrial invasion, and lymph node metastasis. Our findings suggest that tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes may be used as pathologic prognostic factors in endometrial carcinoma.
Tamoxifen is a synthetic non-steroid anti-estrogen that has been used effectively for several years in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. But, the drug has been associated with development of endometrial poylp, hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma possibly mediated through its agonistic estrogen properties during the menopausal period in which estrogens are at a low level. Endometrial polyp has been described as the most common endometrial pathology in association with postmenopausal tamoxifen treatment. We present the case of woman with a giant endometrial polyp of uncommon dimension who was receiving adjuvant tamoxifen for 5 years after breast cancer surgery.
BackgroundMany studies have proposed that putative ovarian stem cells (OSCs) derived from the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) layer of adult mammalian ovaries can produce oocytes. Few studies have reported that ovaries of aged mammalian females including mice and women possess rare premeiotic germ cells that can generate oocytes. However, no studies have reported the changes of OSCs according to the age of the female. Therefore, this study evaluated pluripotent and germ cell marker expression in the intact ovary, scraped OSE, and postcultured OSE according to age in female mice.MethodsC57BL/6 female mice of 2 age groups (6–8 and 28–31 weeks) were superovulated by injection with 5 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG). Both ovaries were removed after 48 hours and scrapped to obtain OSE. Gene expressions of pluripotent (Oct-4, Sox-2, Nanog) and germ cell markers (c-Kit, GDF-9, and VASA) were evaluated by RT-PCR. VASA and GDF-9 were immune-localized in oocyte-like structures.ResultsExpressions of germ cell markers in the intact ovary were significantly decreased in aged females, whereas expressions of pluripotent markers were not detected, regardless of age. Scraped OSE expression of all pluripotent and germ cell markers, except for c-Kit, was similar between both age groups. Three weeks postcultured OSE had significantly decreased expression of GDF-9 and VASA , but not c-Kit, in old mice, as compared to young mice; however there was no difference in the expression of other genes. The number of positively stained Oct-4 by immunohistochemistry in postcultured OSE was 2.5 times higher in young mice than aged mice. Oocyte-like structure was spontaneously produced in postcultured OSE. However, while that of young mice revealed a prominent nucleus, zona pellucida-like structure and cytoplasmic organelles, these features were not observed in old mice.ConclusionsThese results show that aged female mice have putative OSCs in OSE, but their differentiation potential, as well as the number of OSCs differs from those of young mice.
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