Glossolalia (“speaking in tongues”) is a rhythmic utterance of word‐like strings of sounds, regularly occurring in religious mass gatherings or various forms of private religious practices (e.g., prayer and meditation). Although specific verbal learning capacities may characterize glossolalists, empirical evidence is lacking. We administered three statistical learning tasks (artificial grammar, phoneme sequence, and visual‐response sequence) to 30 glossolalists and 30 matched control volunteers. In artificial grammar, participants decide whether pseudowords and sentences follow previously acquired implicit rules or not. In sequence learning, they gradually draw out rules from repeating regularities in sequences of speech sounds or motor responses. Results revealed enhanced artificial grammar and phoneme sequence learning performances in glossolalists compared to control volunteers. There were significant positive correlations between daily glossolalia activity and artificial grammar learning. These results indicate that glossolalists exhibit enhanced abilities to extract the statistical regularities of verbal information, which may be related to their unusual language abilities.
We can encounter products made from UHMWPE in many different areas of utilization. This material is used in plastic bearings, ball-and-socket joints, heavy-duty plastic cog-wheels and joint implants. The UHMWPE is a very particular polymer, the special characteristics of which can be attributed to its molecular structure. The ulra-high molecular weight has an effect on wear-resistance, creep-resistance and hardness. These are the parameters demanded by the highly specialized utilization. On the other hand, this molecular stucture also has disadvantages next to the many advantages. Its greatest disadvantage is that it’s difficult to process. The UHMWPE is a thermoplastic, but because of the long molecular chains its injection molding is impossible. In the course of the present research work we will compare the mechanical and quality properties of products made with lathe machining (RAM extrusion) and direct compression molding. We will examine the impact of the changes of the manufacturing and technological parameters. We will be placing a special emphasis on the surface quality because the quality and life-span of the abovementioned products (bearings, ball-and-socket joints, artficial joints) largely depends on this parameter. Besides this we will examine the changes of hardness and the stability of size. In view of these results we will try to determine what would be the best manufacturing technology that could ensure the maximum performance and life-span of these products. [1,3,6] We are focusing by having the results, to optimizing the manufacturing.
Glossolalia ("speaking in tongues") is a rhythmic utterance of pseudo-words without consistent semantic meaning and syntactic regularities. Although glossolalia is a culturally embedded religious activity, its connection with psychopathology (e.g., psychotic thought disorder and altered mental state attribution/mentalization) is still a matter of debate. To elucidate this issue, we investigated 32 glossolalists, 32 matched control participants, and 32 patients with schizophrenia using the Animated Triangle Test (ATT) and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET). The ATT can detect hypo-and hypermentalization using animations of two moving triangles. Healthy adults describe these as random movements (e.g., bouncing), willed actions (e.g., playing), or they mentalize (e.g., tricking). We found that glossolalists provided more mentalizing descriptions in the ATT random and intentional movement animations relative to the control participants. They also recognized more mental states in the RMET than the controls. None of them had a diagnosis of mental disorders. In contrast, patients with schizophrenia hypermentalized only in the ATT random movement condition, whereas they showed hypomentalization in the ATT intentional movement condition and in the RMET relative the control subjects. Hypermentalization in the ATT positively correlated with intrinsic religiosity in the glossolalia group. In conclusion, our results demonstrated a substantial difference in the mentalizing ability of glossolalists (generalized hypermentalization) and patients with schizophrenia (both hypo-and hypermentalization).
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