Our paper presents the labor market situation of graduate career starter in Hungary based on empirical data (randomly distributed questionnaires of 202 employees). The objective of the research was to survey how this little segment of employees feels on the Hungarian labor market. According to our hypothesis studying and working represent a great value for the graduate career starters and also they are satisfied with their position obtained on the labor market. Despite the uncertain economic situation the results have justified out hypothesis according to which studying represents an outstanding value for graduate career starters and presumes their satisfaction on the llabor market. The examination, which is only part of complex research, was justified by the labor market situation of graduate career starters whose position cannot be described as 'smooth'.
The size of the Hungarian public work programme was an appropriate public policy response across Europe to tackle the crisis and long-term unemployment. Hungary has used the resources available to all labour market tools only for this kind of intervention. Therefore, it is important task to analyse its effectiveness together with the short and longterm impacts. In our study, we are going to undertake a brief overview of Hungarian public work-from the economic-social regime change to the present day by focusing on how efficient the system is and how it can fulfil its purpose. In the course of the analysis we draw parallels between the available international and domestic literature and our own research results in the years 1995, 2005, 2015 and 2017. The results show that although the attempt is appropriate, it has many shortcomings that require correction.
Labour market policy includes active and passive labour market programmes, aiming to solve different problems. Active labour market programmes assist the unemployed to find jobs and thus return to the labour market. Passive labour market programmes assist the unemployed by providing various kinds of aid, easing social tensions. Public work can be considered to be an active labour market programme, assisting people who receive social care with income based on public beneficial work. Consequently, public work is justified by some on the basis that it is purported to have some kind of moral foundation, as well as because it supposedly shows results within a short time. Yet, the rationale behind using public work programmes to fight unemployment is contested. Detractors see them as being rather costly, questioning their success and arguing that their overall results are uncertain, especially in the long run. In short, there are in fact pros and cons to using public work, with opinions being rather divisive. This study summarises these pros and cons, analysing the relevant international and Hungarian literatures in the context of active labour market programmes. JEL Classification: I38
Among the tools of labour market, public works is one of the oldest; therefore its use is almost natural. Although at the same time it is the aim of public works, the extent and targetedness of its use which decide whether public works functions as an active tool of employment policy or rather as a socio-political tool to manage poverty. Connecting welfare to public works (workfare) can only be understood related to reintegration efforts aiming at the unemployed and also to fighting poverty. The aim of reintegrating programmes is to support the permanent unemployed and other underprivileged groups to return to labour market. The principle of public works in Hungarian practice is: "work instead of social benefit". The question is whether public works is a relevant and professionally supportable tool in the long run for those who are interested or something else might prove more efficient. The study presents the issue of this dichotomy. The actuality of the chosen topic is given by the fact that the amount the national resource spent on public works has almost quintupled since 2010.Kulcsszavak: labour market, public work, unemployment JEL besorolás: I380; J650 LCC: H1-99
Economics is a relatively young branch of science. It became an independent subject at the end of the 18th century. Taking the educational-political situation of the economic training into consideration the training was pushed to the periphery in the past centuries in the Carpathian Basin. Profound changes took place only with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 when the state paid more attention to improving he most disadvantaged regions, which resulted in giving a new impetus to industrial development. Our paper makes an attempt to summarize the history of the economic training in the Carpathian Basin. Without giving all the details it tries to take account of the events (of the fight for an independent university of economics) from the beginnings through the history of Collegium Scientiarum Politico Oeconomico Cameralium, the events of the University of Nagyszombat, the foundation of József (Joseph) Technical School and the history of József nádor (Palatine Joseph) University of Technology and Economic Sciences to the foundation of the first Marxist university and later the introduction of the Bologna system.
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