RESUMO Objetivo Construir um roteiro de avaliação para observação da audição e do processamento auditivo central em pré-escolares. Método Para elaboração do roteiro, primeiramente realizou-se uma busca nas bases de dados Scielo e biblioteca de uma universidade no estado de São Paulo, com as palavras chaves: “processamento auditivo central”, “audição e linguagem”, “distúrbios do processamento auditivo”, “processamento auditivo em pré-escolares”, “avaliação do vocabulário”, selecionando então quatorze artigos e dois livros. Foram estruturadas perguntas relacionadas ao desenvolvimento auditivo e um roteiro de avaliação do processamento auditivo central. Resultados O roteiro constitui-se de oito partes, sendo identificação e anamnese, dados maternos e de gestação, queixas, desenvolvimento auditivo, desenvolvimento de linguagem, desenvolvimento motor, Teste auditivo comportamental para avaliação do processamento auditivo central e avaliação audiológica comportamental. Conclusão O roteiro é de extrema importância visto que não há na literatura instrumentos de triagem de processamento auditivo em pré-escolares que investigue, de forma minuciosa, todo o processo que permeia o desenvolvimento auditivo e de linguagem de crianças de 43 a 47 meses.
methodology, findings from the studies were found to be highly variable-total costs ranged between USD 3,000 to 12,000, while proportion of indirect costs varied between 32 and 82% across these studies. Based on collected information, direct costs attributed to medical care contributed to only 20% while informal care provided by family and direct costs of social care (provided by community care professionals, and in residential home settings) contributed 40% each of the total cost of dementia in China. ConClusions: Costs data for Dementia in China is limited and further efforts are required to generate this data to support health policy and research as changing demographics, urban/rural shift and increased diagnosis rates are expected to lead to an epidemic of AD dementia in China in the near future. PMH20 EconoMic BurdEn of AutisM And AutisM-rElAtEd sPEctruM disordErs (Asd) in Eu5 countriEs
A297 respectively (P< .05 vs placebo). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that PHEN/ TPM ER-enhanced WL is associated with a reduction in annual medication costs vs placebo in patients with MetS.
cine for use in immunocompetent adults aged 60 years and older, HZ continues to impact the American public and a better understanding of its current incidence is needed. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis using the Truven Health MarketScan® databases from 2011. Cases were identified by a diagnosis code for HZ (ICD-9-CM: 053.xx) and must have been enrolled as of January 1, 2011, lacked a claim for shingles vaccination or HZ in the 90 days prior to this date, and been deemed immunocompetent according to the study criteria. Annual incidence rates were calculated for the entire population observed in the database as well as by gender and age group; standardized incidence rates were also produced using the 2010 U.S. Census data. RESULTS: The annual incidence rate of HZ across all ages of the study population in 2011 was 4.47 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 4.45, 4.50). This rate increased monotonically with age, ranging from 0.86 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.88) for those aged ≤ 19 to 12.78 (95% CI: 12.49, 13.07) for immunocompetent enrollees aged 80 and older. The incidence rate was 8.46 (95% CI: 8.39, 8.52) among adults 50 years and older and 10.46 (95% CI: 10.35, 10.56) among those aged 60 years and older. The annual incidence rate of HZ was higher in women than men ((5.25, 95% CI: 5.21, 5.29 and 3.66, 95% CI: 3.62, 3.69), respectively) and was seen across all age groups. When standardized using 2010 U.S. Census data, the annual incidence rate was 4.63 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 4.61, 4.66). CONCLUSIONS: Herpes zoster remains common among immunocompetent adults with incidence rates of HZ observed to increase with age and be higher in women than men.
To perform a treatment cost comparison of pirfenidone versus nintedanib on the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) under the Brazilian private healthcare system perspective. MethOds: Both treatment's ex-factory prices were obtained from official published lists, by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, considering the incidence of taxes (ICMS 18%). Annual treatment cost was calculated based on the dosage of pirfenidone (2.403 mg/day) and nintedanib (150 mg BID) obtained from their respective Brazilian labels. A year was assumed to be 12 months with 30 days each. Results were shown for 2 scenarios: first year (including initial dose ramp up for pirfenidone) and maintenance phases. Results: Pirfenidone and nintedanib unitary costs were BRL 9,144 (BRL 33.87 per 267 mg tablet) and BRL 14,916 (BRL 248.60 per 150 mg tablet), respectively, according to their list prices. Pirfenidone showed an annual treatment cost of BRL 107,591 and BRL 109,724 on the first year and subsequent years of treatment, respectively. Nintedanib incurred an annual cost of BRL 178,988 independent of year of treatment. Those results led to savings of approximately BRL 70,000 per year per patient treated with pirfenidone compared to those treated with nintedanib (a relative reduction of approximately 40%). Pirfenidone's dose ramp up, on the first year of treatment, did not decrease significantly the treatment cost, implying on a reduction of just 2% when compared to subsequent years. cOnclusiOns: Pirfenidone was lower than the cost of nintedanib.
period evaluated, admissions of elderly (older than 60 years) were the most frequent, accounting for 74% of the total. In addition, men were the majority, with 2.38 times more admissions for men than women. There were 4,311 deaths for the period. The total admissions cost was 120,108,156 BRL. There has also been an annual growth trend in total costs with hospital admissions. Mean cost per admission was 1,990 BRL over the four year period. ConClusions: These results suggest an increasing impact of urothelial carcinoma on SUS admissions costs, especially affecting older men. This pathology has high morbidity and mortality rates if not treated optimally, and investigational immunotherapies that train the immune system to recognize cancer cells may improve outcomes for these patients.
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