Introduction. Pathological complete remission of liver metastases is a rare colon cancer treatment outcome with increased 5-year survival of 76%. Case report. Metastatic colorectal cancer patient with pathological complete remission of large hepatic metastasis after palliative chemotherapy in combination with bevacizumab is presented. Solitary liver metastasis measuring 8 cm was observed in computed tomography (CT) scan before combined treatment. The best radiological response during treatment with FOLFOX-4 and bevacizumab therapy was partial remission and patient underwent partial hepatectomy. Since the operation material was free of viable adenocarcinoma cells the effect of FOLFOX-4 in combination with bevacizumab treatment was interpreted as the pathological complete remission. Conclusion. Use of combination chemotherapy and targeted therapy with the aim to reduce initially unresectable liver metastasis is the best option to achieve complete pathological remission and significantly prolong survival
Increasing volumes of electricity derived from renewable energy sources (RES-E) affect the electricity market prices and the prices for final electricity consumers in the Baltic States. The results of a multivariate regression analysis show that in 2013 the RES-E contributed to decreasing the electricity market prices in the Baltic States. However, the final electricity consumers pay for the promotion of RES-E through the approved RES-E component which has a tendency to increase. It is estimated that in 2013 the net benefits from the wind electricity promotion were achieved in Lithuania and Latvia while the net cost -in Estonia. This suggests that the economic efficiency of the wind electricity support scheme based on the application of feed-in tariffs was higher than that based on the feed-in premium.
The paper illustrates economica grid-connected onshore micro wind turbines based on onshore wind speed hourly minim height in Latvia approximated according to tower height. Economical assessment of the g cells is studied based on the real solar cells out Results of performed study show that the u years for power generation in Latvia is profita
Despite quite similar conditions (natural resources) for electricity production from renewable energy sources (RES-E) in three Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania), significant differences exist in these countries as to the RES-E production volume. In Latvia this volume is the highest, while in Estonia and Lithuania it is half as high. One of the factors that determine the RES-E production volumes is support policies, which in the Baltic States are different. The main objective of this work was to analyze and compare these support policies. The results have shown that for rapid RES-E development the most effective policy is to be market-oriented (as in Estonia), whereas for more stable development such policy should be producer-oriented (as in Lithuania).In compliance with the 2009/28/EC Directive, the Member States should promote the RES sector development by applying several measures, including support schemes. These are understood as "... any instrument, scheme, or mechanism applied by a Member State or a group of Member States that promotes the use of energy from renewable sources by reducing the cost of that energy, increasing the price at which it can be sold, or increasing, by means of a renewable energy obligation or otherwise, the volume of such energy purchased. This includes, but is not restricted to, investment aid, tax exemptions or reductions, tax refunds, renewable energy obligation support schemes including those using green certificates, and direct price support schemes including feed-in tariffs and premium payments"This paper is reviewing the support schemes for promotion of renewable electricity in the Baltic States and assesses their effectiveness. Section 2 is dedicated to the analysis of RES-E support schemes in the countries by showing their advantages and disadvantages. Section 3 presents comparison of the support levels for different RES-E types. Effectiveness of RES-E support schemes is discussed in Section 4. It is expected that due to the increased effectiveness of support schemes, positive (desirable) economic changes will arise in the Baltic States (the relevant analysis is given in the ensuing paper).
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