Turbot, Scophthalmus maximus, is a commercially important demersal flatfish species distributed throughout the Black Sea. Several studies performed locally with a limited number of specimens using both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and microsatellite markers evidenced notable genetic variation among populations. However, comprehensive population genetic studies are required to help management of the species in the Black Sea. In the present study eight microsatellite loci were used to resolve the population structure of 414 turbot samples collected from 12 sites across the Black Sea. Moreover, two mtDNA genes, COI and Cyt-b, were used for taxonomic identification. Microsatellite markers of Smax-04 and B12-I GT14 were excluded from analysis due to scoring issues. Data analysis was performed with the remaining six loci. Loci were highly polymorphic (average of 17.8 alleles per locus), indicating high genetic variability. Locus 3/20CA17, with high null allele frequency (>30%), significantly deviated from HW equilibrium. Pairwise comparison of the F ST index showed significant differences between most of the surveyed sampling sites (P < 0.01). Cluster analysis evidenced the presence of three genetic groups among sampling sites. Significant genetic differentiation between Northern (Sea of Azov and Crimea) and Southern (Turkish Black Sea Coast) Black Sea sampling sites were detected. The Mantel test supported an isolation by distance model of population structure. These findings are vital for long-term sustainable management of the species and development of conservation programs. Moreover, generated mtDNA sequences would be useful for the establishment of a database for S. maximus.
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In this study, the bacteriological examination was performed to investigate the cause of juvenile sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) mortality, kept in a fish farm, in Turkey. During the disease outbreak, 15% of the sturgeon (2.7-4.2 g) died.The most important clinical signs were swimming upside-down in the water and no feed intake. The fish have exhibited an enlarged abdomen due to the swim-bladder gas problem. Aseptic liver and head-kidney of affected fish were streaked on Tryptic Soy Agar. The pure colonies were characterized by several biochemical tests and rapid commercial test kit (API 20NE). Genetic identification was performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The antibacterial susceptibility of bacteria against six different antibiotics was also evaluated by disk diffusion method. Based on biochemical characteristics, the causative bacteria were identified as Aeromonas hydrophila (API 20NE, profile: 5477754). Bacteria were identified as Aeromonas sp. by molecular analysis. The bacteria were sensitive to enrofloxacin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline, sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim, gentamycin and resistant to erythromycin. The most effective antibiotics were enrofloxacin and florfenicol. In this study, an infection caused by Aeromonas sp. was reported in Russian sturgeon. Overall this study revealed that Aeromonas sp. may be considered as a causative agent of inflation of the swim bladder in Russian sturgeon.
In the present study, a total of 180 whiting(Merlangius merlanguseuxinus) were caught in the Eastern Black Sea coast of Turkey and investigated through for six month period for their bacteria. The bacterial agents isolated from fish were identified by Analytical Profile Index (API 20NE, 20E and rapid ID 32 Strep). Fifty-two bacteria were further confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Nine bacterial species, Pseudomonas luteola, Staphylococcus equorum, Vibrio anguillarum, Pseudomonas putida, Acinetobacter johnsonii, Pseudomonas protogens, Oceanisphaera profunda, Pseudomonas fluorescens,and Serratia fonticolawere identified. This study is the first report on the bacteria of whitingin Turkey and provides significant information in terms of bacterial fish pathogens of this area.
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