The possibility of using alternative cold supply in the life support systems of buildings for the climatic conditions of the Central Black Earth region is considered. The results of calculations and selection of an absorption chiller with an array of solar collectors for an office building planned for construction in Voronezh are presented. The analysis of the efficiency of the heat collectors by the average efficiency showed that for the cold supply of the building taking into account the actual actinometric indicators of the region the use of flat devices was the most appropriate. Vacuum collectors for the solved task under the indicated climatic conditions, despite the generation of a high-potential thermal regime, upon reaching the maximum temperature of the coolant, are characterized by a decrease in efficiency as a result of significant losses to the environment. With justified priority use of flat devices capturing solar radiation, for a deeper extraction of alternative energy, an innovative design of devices of this class is proposed making it possible to increase their efficiency. The use of such devices will reduce their number in the array.
Frequently used facade glazing makes it possible, on the basis of modern trends in the architecture, to increase the energy efficiency of buildings under construction through the organization of passive solar heat supply. Despite the noted relatively low efficiency of the radiation utilization method recommended for the use, it is possible to increase its indicators by integrating the elements of active solar units in the absorbing layer of the accumulating construction structure. For example, the placement of pipes for the coolant in external enclosing structures will allow year-round exploitation of arrays for passive utilization of solar energy and the use of the obtained heat not only for heating rooms during the cold period of the year, but also for heating water, as well as for absorption chillers in the summer season. The application of the latter contributes to the organization of alternative cooling of the internal blocks of air conditioning systems in the warm period of the year. The listed functions require a different approach in the algorithm of the decisions taken in the design of building structures actively involved in the balance of energy supply. One of the main indicators that determine the possible version of the implementation of the solar radiation utilization system is the achieved temperature potential of the heat flux obtained from the surface of the accumulating layer. The use of the method of sources and the principle of the imposition of fields when solving problems of the depth of embedding and step distance integrated into the surface layer of pipes allows determining the rational range of the values of the specified parameters. This, in turn, is aimed at ensuring the possibility of designing energy-efficient exterior enclosing structures that contribute to the maintenance of the thermal regime required by the multifunctional utilization of solar energy.
The article deals with the distribution of the energy potential of solar radiation in the territory of the Russian Federation. The spatio-temporal regularities are revealed, which make it possible to assess the resource provision of engineering systems in a given renewable energy source. Graphical distributions of solar radiation for the northern latitudes of the Russian Federation, including the energy irradiance of vertical orientation surfaces by cardinal directions, are constructed. Equations are obtained for the possibilities of solar radiation depending on the considered month and latitude of the area. An amendment has been introduced that takes into account the decrease in the radiation intensity with average cloud cover for the regions. Revealed the territorial-temporal variability of the possibility of solar radiation, which makes it possible to assess the prospects of using or another system of utilization of radiation.
With the account of modern requirements of energy saving each year increase actuality of technologies of use solar energy to decrease energy consumption. Multifunctional utilization of solar radiation make able much more degree in autonomy the energy supply of buildings, that main condition in case of too far location of traditional resources and appear of faults during their supply. Because of it is considered possibility of receiving heat and electrical energy in one technical device, with high efficiency. It is offered structural solution of multifunctional flat solar collector, which rise efficiency of radiation utilization. It is analyzed degree. It is analyzed the degree of absorption of solar radiation by additional location the photo converters in the device. It is estimated the influence of occupied by semi-conductors square on total absorption coefficient. It is proved, that by occupied square with photo elements less than 20% square of collector, the decrease of heat process parameters will be in limits of 5%. However by this it will be act neither heat, not electrical energy, which could be forwarded to systems of building life-support systems. Beside of it, for increase efficiency of solar collector it is offered additional processing of absorber’s surface, which is rise degree of radiation absorption. Technology of laser weld allows to create on surface ultra-thin cell ribbing, which in forthcoming could be consider as decrease reflection roughness. Execution by this way ribbing increase panel’s square and its absorption ability. By this size of cells could be from 0,5 to 4 mm and choose in depend of area irradiance, where will be located solar unit.
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