The association between nocturia and nocturnal polyuria is apparent and robust. However, the clinical importance of the association appears to be less obvious than previously suggested based on single studies. The observed high prevalence of nocturnal polyuria, as a result of the applied International Continence Society definition, may be responsible for this discrepancy.

ObjectiveTo systematically review and evaluate the impact of the International Continence Society (ICS)‐2002 report on standardisation of terminology in nocturia, on publications reporting on nocturia and nocturnal polyuria (NP). In 2002, the ICS defined NP as a Nocturnal Polyuria Index (nocturnal urine volume/total 24‐h urine volume) of >0.2–0.33, depending on age. Materials and Methods In April 2013 the PubMed and Embase databases were searched for studies (in English, German, French or Dutch) based on original data and adult participants, investigating the relationship between nocturia and NP. A methodological quality assessment was performed, including scores on external validity, internal validity and informativeness. Quality scores of items were compared between studies published before and after the ICS‐2002 report. Results The search yielded 78 publications based on 66 studies. Quality scores of studies were generally high for internal validity (median 5, interquartile range [IQR] 4–6) but low for external validity. After publication of the ICS‐2002 report, external validity showed a significant change from 1 (IQR 1–2) to 2 (IQR 1–2.5; P = 0.019). Nocturia remained undefined in 12 studies. In all, 19 different definitions were used for NP, most often being the ICS (or similar) definition: this covered 52% (n = 11) of studies before and 66% (n = 27) after the ICS‐2002 report. Clear definitions of both nocturia and NP were identified in 67% and 76% before, and in 88% and 88% of the studies after the ICS‐2002 report, respectively. Conclusion The ICS‐2002 report on standardisation of terminology in nocturia appears to have had a beneficial impact on reporting definitions of nocturia and NP, enabling better interpretation of results and comparisons between research projects. Because the external validity of most of the 66 studies is considered a problem, the results of these studies may not be validly extrapolated to other populations. The ICS definition of NP is used most often. However, its discriminative value seems limited due to the estimated difference of 0.6 nocturnal voids between individuals with and without NP. Refinement of current definitions based on robust research is required. Based on pathophysiological reasoning, we argue that it may be more appropriate to define NP based on nocturnal urine production or nocturnal voided volumes, rather than on a diurnal urine production pattern.

Several factors that predicted a successful treatment response of Adapted DBT after six weeks and six months were identified. However, the low explained variance of our model suggests that other non-identified factors are also important in predicting outcome. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:1006-1010, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Both small MVV and NP were found frequently in our adolescent and adult enuresis patients, which is in line with the current thoughts on causal factors. NP prevalence is quite different when using ICS or ICCS definitions, respectively. We would like to encourage the development of an unambiguous definition of NP to use both in pediatric and adult urology. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:463-468, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.