Over-exploitation of fossil resources of nature and increasing pollution have created the problem of finding alternative energy technologies, the invention of new equipments, based on highly efficient thermodynamic cycles, the use of new types of combustible material, i.e. the creation of environment-friendly energy systems, that will satisfy manufacturers and consumers’ demands, while minimizing the costs of material resources. Nowadays, there are well known mineral resources (coal, oil, natural gas, etc.), which are used universally. However, Russia has a huge potential for the application of non-traditional (alternative) energy sources on the basis of bio-waste usage. For example, in the construction of livestock farms, despite of their high equipment of mechanization and automation means, the questions of manure utilization remain unresolved. It should be noted that, a huge problem of recycling and rational application of liquid manure mass was formed. The cheap fuel production from agricultural waste for heating, electricity production and reception of high-quality organic fertilizers are the solution to the problem of utilization of large masses of liquid manure, ensuring protection of the environment from agricultural waste pollution. This article discusses the design and calculation of heat balance of compact biogas plant. The results of experimental studies of small-sized biogas plant at mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation time are also shown.
Abstract. The first scientific developments in the field of biogas technologies were made in Russia more than 70 years ago. Since the 50 th years one of the main directions was the anaerobic processing of activated sludge and sediments of urban wastewater. This method attracted attention in connection with the idea of obtaining biogas mainly from the manure of farm animals. Thanks to this in the middle of 50 th years a number of pilot plants for biogas production were built in Zaporozhia, Belorussian, Georgian, Moldavian branches of All-Russian Institute of Agriculture Electrification, and also in Ekaterinburg. However, the operating experience of these installations was insignificant -one -two seasons. The problem of obtaining and using biogas is given great attention abroad. In a short time, in many countries around the world a whole industry for the production of biogas has emerged. The leader in the development of biogas industry is China. Since the middle of 1970, the National Program for the production of biogas from livestock wastes has been operating in this country. Currently, there are 10 million farm bioreactors. In addition, 40 000 biogas stations, 24 000 biogas treatment plants operate in China, which provides operation of 190 power plants.
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