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SUMMARYThe objective of this work is to investigate numerically the turbulent non-premixed hydrogen (H 2 ) and hydrogen-hydrocarbon flames in a small burner. Numerical studies using Fluent code were carried out for air-staged and non-staged cases. The effects of fuel composition from pure hydrogen to natural gas (100%H 2 , 70%H 2 +30%CH 4 , 10%H 2 +90%CH 4 , and 100%CH 4 ) were also investigated. The predictions are validated and compared against the experimental results previously obtained and results from the literature. Turbulent diffusion flames are investigated numerically using a finite volume method for the solution of the conservation equations and reaction equations governing the problem. Although, three different turbulence models were tested, the standard k-e model was used for the modelling of the turbulence phenomena in the burner. The temperature and major pollutant concentrations (CO and NO x ) distributions are in good agreement with the existing experimental results. Air staging causes rich and lean combustion regions thus lower NO x emissions through the combustor exit. Blending hydrogen with methane causes considerable reduction in temperature levels and thus NO emissions. Increasing the mixture ratio from stoichiometric to leaner mixtures also decreases the temperature and thus NO emissions. Hydrogen may be considered a good alternative fuel for burners, as its use reduces the emission of pollutants, and as it is a renewable synthetic fuel.

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This paper presents the effect of swirl number on combustion characteristics such as temperature, velocity, gas concentrations in a natural gas diffusion flame. Numerial simulations carried out using the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, Fluent by choosing appropriate model parameters. The combustion reaction scheme in the flame region was modeled using eddy dissipation model with one step global reaction scheme. A standard k-ε turbulence model for turbulent closure and P-I radiation model for flame radiation inside the combustor is used in the numerical simulations. In order to investigate the swirling effect on the combustion characteristics, seven different swirl numbers including 0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4; 0.5; and 0.6 are used in the study. Numerical results are validated and compared with the published experimental and simulation results. A good consistency is found between the present results and those published measurement and simulation results in the available literature. The results shown that the combustion characteristics such as the flame temperature, the gas concentrations including CO2, H2O, O2, and CH4 are strongly affected by the swirl number. Depending on the degree of swirl, the fluid dynamics behavior of natural gas diffusion flame including axial velocity distribution, central recirculation zone (CTRZ) and external recirculation zone (ETRZ) were also strongly affected.

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