The subject of research is the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on violent extremism and organized crime in the Republic of Serbia. The authors used the method of document content analysis and quantitative methods (surveys) for research purposes. The time of the research included the most intense period of the pandemic, and the authors investigated the situation in the Republic of Serbia from March 2020, when the virus was first registered, to mid-2021. The initial hypothesis in the research is that violent extremism and organized crime adapt very quickly to new social changes, which makes them resilient to many social crises. Serbia has a long history of fighting etno-separatist extremism (e.g. the KLA terrorist organization), but the COVID-19 pandemic has intensified the growth of other forms of extremism, such as religious, left-wing, while special attention is focused on right-wing extremism. Namely, the authors determined that in addition to the old generators (what is the post-conflict legacy), we also have two new crucial generators of the extreme right - the COVID-19 pandemic and the migrant crisis. All the fundamental issues on which the extreme right-wingers built their ideology (such as Kosovo and Metohija, the friend-enemy dichotomy) were pushed aside during the pandemic, in order to actualize the problems concerning the "infestation of migrants", conspiracy theories, vaccinations, 5G networks and of panic fear for the survival of the nation. Organized crime also found a way to adapt to the pandemic, and some new areas appeared that criminals quickly prioritized, such as the trade-in of deficient medical equipment, falsification of PCR tests, etc. Drug trafficking was particularly intense, and the Customs Administration seized during the pandemic from 01.03.2020 to 01.08.2021 5630.53 grams of cocaine, which is 60 percent more than in 2019; 2063 grams of heroin, which is a drop to only 5 percent of the total seizure in 2019. In the same period, 1,180 tablets of ecstasy and MDMA were seized, which is five times more than in 2019, as well as 36 weapons. The conclusion is that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the change in the functioning of violent extremism and organized crime, thus confirming the initial hypothesis of the author, that these are "tough phenomena" that adapt very quickly and easily to emerging social crises. which is down to just 5 percent of total seizures in 2019. In the same period, 1,180 tablets of ecstasy and MDMA were seized, which is five times more than in 2019, as well as 36 weapons. The conclusion is that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the change in the functioning of violent extremism and organized crime, thus confirming the initial hypothesis of the author, that these are "tough phenomena" that adapt very quickly and easily to emerging social crises. which is down to just 5 percent of total seizures in 2019. In the same period, 1,180 tablets of ecstasy and MDMA were seized, which is five times more than in 2019, as well as 36 weapons. The conclusion is that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the change in the functioning of violent extremism and organized crime, thus confirming the initial hypothesis of the author, that these are "tough phenomena" that adapt very quickly and easily to emerging social crises.
Risk management in payment transactions includes identifying, measuring and managing risks. That is why it is necessary to establish its effective function in payment transactions. In the last ten years, the development of risk management in countries in transition is evident. Bearing these facts in mind, the aim of this research study is to analyze the risks in payment transactions, with special reference to the analysis of cash management. The results of this overview study show that each bank operates with a smaller or larger number of risks, positioning itself between two extremes: absolute risk acceptance and absolute risk non-acceptance. It is necessary that the level of risk acceptance be proportional to the bank's ability to cover the resulting losses, as well as to achieve an acceptable rate of return. Achieving higher returns is possible if the bank establishes effective identification, measurement and management of business risks. The carriers of security breaches arise from the types of sources from which forms of security breaches will later arise. In order to carry out the defense and protection function, it is necessary to include those measures that provide the possibility of eliminating elements that lead to the violation of security and danger. Those measures must be an integral part of the institution and the execution of the work process. The condition for safe and normal operations in cash payment transactions implies the necessity of having trained personnel for the implementation of the security function. In order to implement the security function and manage it successfully, it is necessary to integrate various norms in the existing legal regulations.
According to international experience, implementing conceptually novel management tools based on integrated approaches to the notion of sustainable development can increase the level of environmental safety of the national economy. The goal of the study is to generalize and systematize existing conceptual approaches to the definition of this notion in order to clarify the meaning and content of the phrase "green economy". The research was carried out using general scientific methods, including classifications to systematize theoretical approaches to the definition of "green economy", which are proposed by various scientific schools. Furthermore, structural and logical generalization to clarify the terminology, analysis and synthesis to summarize the existing conceptual approaches and green economy frameworks was conducted. The paper gives an insight into how the green economy develops, as well as the conditions necessary for its construction and the difficulties it faces. The various scientific definitions of the "green economy" are analysed and summarized. Based on findings, this paper gives recommendations for the "green" transformation.
The term "money laundering" is often used in the modern economy, as an activity that aims to legalize assets obtained through illegal actions, in order to conceal the true source. Capital acquired in this way represents a danger for every economy, because it enables its entry into legal flows. In this regard, the largest number of countries are trying to use various measures to oppose the spread of this phenomenon and its legalization. The aim of this paper is to point out the measures and actions taken in the area of money laundering prevention and comparison with the countries of the European Union.
Some criminal groups take every opportunity to infiltrate legitimate businesses; other criminal groups aim to make profits through politics and close contact with senior officials leading governments, by tracking money through campaigning for elections at both the local and state level, then through misuse of state resources, by creating a criminal organization which does not stop from anything and anyone. In this scientific work we will discuss briefly on the case of the former and sole president of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro until its dissemination in 2006, Svetozar Marovic. Marovic, even after admitting being the head of an organized crime group, and for this being sentenced to three years and ten months in prison, is still not serving his sentence today. The aim of the research in this work is to prove the hypothesis that criminal groups succeed in corrupting high holders of public office, making them criminals. The data collection and research technique will be to analyze the content of texts of legal and political documents, as well as available literature in this field, relevant internet sources and journals. Key words: Criminal groups, corruption, politics, criminal law, state power
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