Background: The aim of this study was to assess the influence of externally applied 'command set' methods on the microleakage of several glass ionomer cements (GICs). Methods: Four different restorative GICs were cured using three different methods: standard curing (SC), ultrasonic excitation (UC) and by an external heat source (HC). Different conditioning agents (10% polyacrylic and 10% citric acid) were used. The sample comprised 180 teeth with 360 Class V restorations placed on the lingual and vestibular tooth surface. After thermocycling, the teeth were immersed in a dye solution for 24 hours, embedded in acrylic resin, sectioned and evaluated. Oberholtzer criteria were used for margin evaluation. Data were analysed using three-way ANOVA. Results: The heat cured GIC showed statistically significant better marginal adaptation compared to the other tested groups (SC, UC) (p < 0.001). GICs in groups with HC and conditioned cavities had lower microleakage scores. The highly viscous material Fuji IX GP Fast in the HC and conditioned cavities group demonstrated the best marginal adaptation. The other three products reacted similarly to heating treatment. Leakage at the enamel margins was significantly lower than the cementum ⁄ dentine margins (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Heating the GIC during setting decreased microleakage, improved marginal adaptation of the GIC restoration and is suitable for clinical practice.

The aim of the study was to present the distribution of traumatic dental injuries in the permanent anterior teeth in 447 consecutively selected patients in the age interval of 6 to 25 years treated at the Department of Paediatric Dentistry at the University Dental Clinic in Rijeka, Croatia, in the period from 2001 to 2006. Data on age, gender, number of injured teeth and type of injury were taken from the dental records. Of all 447 consecutively selected patients with traumatic dental injury 56.2% were boys and 43.8% were girls with a male/female ratio 1.28:1 (P < 0.01). The highest frequency of tooth injuries occurred among 10- to 13-years-old children. Among 30.6% of the cases, two or more teeth were injured (38.6% in boys and 21.4% in girls). Traumatic injuries affecting teeth in the upper jaw were more frequent (P < 0.001). The most commonly affected teeth were the maxillary central incisors (42.4% of right central incisors and 38% of left central incisors). The most frequent injury was enamel and dentin fracture without pulpal involvement (38.7%). In conclusion, more attention should be paid to preventive measures.

Cilj ovog in vitro istraživanja bio je utvrditi učinak fluoridnih gelova i lakova u odnosu na CPP-ACP kompleks na sprječavanje demineralizacije cakline. Materijali i Metode: Caklinski blokovi su ispolirani, podijeljeni u osam grupa i izloženi dnevnom cikličkom režimu. Tri skupine su tretirane 10 minuta s fluoridnim gelovima: Fluorogal, Fluor Protector Gel and Cervitec Gel, jedna je tretirana samo s GC Tooth Mousse i jedna je tretirana s GC Tooth Mousse (Recaldent CPP-ACP 10.0%).. Preostale tri grupe su tretirane fluoridnim lakovima: Fluoridin Gel N5, Bifluorid 12 i Fluor Protector. Oni su premazivani jedanput na tjedan prije demineralizacijskog razdoblja. Svi uzorci su čuvani u umjetnoj slini između i nakon ciklusa. Površinska mikrotvrdoća (SMH) uzoraka je mjerena na početku i nakon 12 dana koristeći HMV-2000 (Shimadzu, Japan). Postotak promjene SMH (% SMH) je izračunat nakon cikličkog režima. Podaci su analizirani t-testom za individualne usporedbe (p<0,05). Rezultati: Statistička analiza t-testom pokazala je značajnu razliku između SMH prije i nakon tretmana fluoridima u svim skupinama. Sve skupine tretirane fluoridnim gelovima, lakovima i GC Tooth Mousseom pokazale su povećanje SMH. Nije bilo statistički značajne razlike između postotaka promjene SMH cakline između skupina. Nije bilo statistički značajne razlike između fluoridnih gelova, lakova i GC Tooth Moussea. Zaključak: Rezultati dobiveni u ovom istraživanju pokazali su da fluoridni lakovi, gelovi i Tooth Mousse učinkovito sprječavaju demineralizaciju u eksperimentalnim uvjetima. Ključne riječi fluoridacija, površinska; zubna caklina; tvrdoća; zub, demineralizacija

It could be concluded that retention rate of GIC sealing treated with heat during setting time was significantly lower than retention of conventional composite resin. The heating procedure during setting of GIC sealants cannot be recommended as routine treatment in clinical practice.

No abstract

The high prevalence of multiple minor anomalies in children with developmental disorders suggests that during early development, factors which cause the specific developmental disorder and the occurrence of a minor anomaly have a joint effect.

Some syndromes that include gingival fibromatosis are associated with abnormalities of the hands and feet. The purpose of this work was to establish whether gingival fibromatosis, as an isolated disease, can be connected with disturbances in the development of the digitopalmar structures. In three families with 40 members, fibromatosis manifested in 16 (7 males and 9 females). The disease was transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Dermatoglyphics were analyzed in the proband in each family and in their fathers who had fibromatosis. The analysis showed the presence of patterns in IV interdigital areas in all patients. The fathers of 2 probands had double loops in the IV interdigital area, which is very rare in the general population (frequency, 0.6%). The position of the axial triradius was moderately distal (t') in 1, and markedly distal (t") in another, and in 4 it was borderline (tb). Total finger ridge count was increased, which indicated the increased size of the volar embryonal pads. Distorted dermatoglyphic findings may be considered microform abnormalities of the fingers and hands. Since dermatoglyphics are highly genetically controlled and reflect the status of the embryonal pads, the results suggest disharmony in the development of the mesodermal structures of the hands.

A classification formula which includes all true patterns on the proximal sole and is based on topological principles is presented. The frequencies of all respective pattern elements were obtained from a sample of 219 healthy individuals of Croatian origin (116 males and 103 females) and all the formulae (total patterns) encountered in this sample are listed in a dictionary form. Examples of the whole configurations are also given and the applications of the topological formula, combining all patterns on the plantar surface, in studies of normal or abnormal variation of a system of parallel ridges, are indicated.