RESUMENEl aumento de los destinos turísticos en México ha significado una diversificación de la oferta turística del país. Sin embargo, la actuación de agentes sociales diversos ha priorizado lugares que destacan notoriamente de los restantes. Este trabajo revela una clasificación de destinos turísticos en diez niveles de selectividad territorial. Para ello, se precisaron las posiciones conceptuales asumidas; se reconocieron acontecimientos ligados con el fomento turístico-territorial, se formuló la metodología seguida y se describieron rasgos típicos de la jerarquía resultante de lugares. Palabras clave: Selectividad territorial, destinos turísticos, México Levels of territorial selectivity of tourist destinations in Mexico ABSTRACTThe diversification of the tourist market in Mexico has resulted in a growing number of destinations, some of which have been given special attention by different social agents. This paper proposes a classification of Mexican tourist destinations arranged into ten categories of territorial selectivity. Firstly, we portray the conceptual framework for this research, then we indicate the evolution of the territorial sponsorship of tourism in Mexico; further on, we make clear the methodological path followed and, finally, we explain the fundamentals of each category of tourist destinations found.
The aim of this paper is to reveal the organization and territorial dynamics of tourism in Izamal, a town located in the Mayan territory in the southeastern Mexican state of Yucatan. Through the analysis of territorial elements such as touristic resources, support services for tourism, infrastructure, communications nets and visitors flows, the structure integrating the tourist destination will be revealed. Special emphasis will be focused on cultural resources. The results show that tourist attractions in Izamal are associated to its history and culture. Despite the great potential of territorial resources for tourism, Izamal is contesting with other close destinations such as Merida, Valladolid, Chichen Itza and Cancun. The nearness to these sites leaves Izamal as a secondary destination limited to 1-day visits. Regarding the global context, the town can be considered an international destination visited by travellers coming from the five continents. Due to the presence of Our Lady of Izamal, important flows of regional visitors (motivated by faith) arrive to Izamal, especially during religious festivities. Thus, non-regional visitors see the town as a secondary destination but the city also keeps a symbolic significance among regional inhabitants. Tourism dynamics inside the historic town appear as limited to a few spots inside a small perimeter where most of tourist services are located, provoking the segregation of large districts of the urban space.
This paper presents the results of a survey conducted among residents of Morelia to study their perceptions about the historic center of the city, which is part of the World Heritage List since 1991. The study was conducted through a survey to group of city’s inhabitants. The results revealed that the monumental area of Morelia is carrying a heavy symbolic burden in the perception of the residents, and is also the preferred place to reside and engage in recreational activities. In terms of the perception of needs in the central zone, stresses safety and best urban equipment on the issues of parking and public transport
The center of the research is to identify items that must be considered for sustainable destination planning, in accordance with the practical guidelines for implementing the 1972 World Heritage Convention. With this aim, the most important implications that entails the recognition of UNESCO are reviewed looking forward to the improvement of destination management of the, which should consider a pool of strategies and plans for tourism, designed with some level of agreement between the different World Heritage sites and directed towards a sustainable balance. Methodology Based on a review of papers published in journals of Scopus database, related to the impact of tourism in world heritage cities; the analysis was made using the method of content analysis, reviewing the items which tend to mitigate the negative effects of tourism in this kind of destinations, which are fragile due to the complicated coexistence between heritage and contemporary dynamics. Conclusions Similar scenarios were identified in most of the World Heritage studied sites. One of the main findings is that in both consolidated and emerging destinations, one of the priority lines of attention is the improvement of tourist destination management. Originality A number of conclusions emerge from the work in order to improve the sustainability of destinations, useful both for the actors of the world heritage sites-presenting challenges arising from the crowds of tourist-as for researchers who work comparative incidence of heritage tourism.
Heterotopía patrimonial: concepto para estudios latinoamericanos (Resumen) Un problema elemental en el campo del saber geográfico se refiere a la dotación de métodos (y por supuesto de conceptos) que expliquen los fenómenos actuales situados espacialmente. Así, este artículo tiene por objetivo presentar el concepto heterotopía patrimonial, el cual fue elaborado, aplicado y revisado desde experiencias latinoamericanas de investigación. Metodológicamente, el trabajo se estructura: (i) en la interpretación de los principios filosóficos foucaultiano y geográficos raffestinianos que formulan, respectivamente, los conceptos heterotopía y ecogénesis territorial; (ii) en la comprensión de utopías imaginativas y de utopías operativas de la patrimonialización, las cuáles producen, imaginaria y concretamente, la heterotopía patrimonial como el otro espacio; y (iii) en el análisis de la heterotopía patrimonial de desfiguración con el caso de Xochimilco, en la Ciudad de México, y en la investigación de la heterotopía patrimonial de resistencia con el ejemplo de Brasilia, en Brasil. Estas verificaciones posibilitaron la revisión del concepto y reforzar la tesis de la facultad de predicción del imaginario creado y difundido como balizador y ente de la preservación. Palabras clave: Heteropía patrimonial, ecogénesis territorial, imaginario, América Latina. Heritage heterotopia:a concept for Latin American studies (Abstract) A basic issue in the field of geographical knowledge regards the endowment of methods (as well as concepts) explaining current phenomena spatially located. Thus, the aim of this paper is to introduce the concept of heritage heterotopia, which is elaborated, applied and reviewed departing from Latin American research experiences. Methodologically, the research is structured: (i) from the interpretation of Foucault's philosophic principles and Raffestin's geographical notions, who respectively proposed the concepts hetetoropia and territorial ecogenesis; (ii) by the understanding of imaginative utopias and operative utopias, both produced by the heritage process (here conceptualized as patrimonialización), which produce, imaginary and concretely, the heritage heterotopia as the other space; and (iii) on the analysis of heritage heterotopia of disfigurement in the case of Xochimilco in Mexico City, and the research of heritage heterotopia of resistance with the example of Brasilia, in Brazil. Those corroborations allow the review of the concept and the reinforcement of the thesis of faculty of pre-vision of the imaginary which is created and spread as a guidance and entity for preservation.
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