Safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a multipurpose crop of dry land yielding very high quality of edible oil. Present study was aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of 131 safflower accessions originating from 28 different countries using 13 iPBS-retrotransposon markers. A total of 295 iPBS bands were observed among which 275 (93.22%) were found polymorphic. Mean Polymorphism information content (0.48) and diversity parameters including mean effective number of alleles (1.33), mean Shannon’s information index (0.33), overall gene diversity (0.19), Fstatistic (0.21), and inbreeding coefficient (1.00) reflected the presence of sufficient amount of genetic diversity in the studied plant materials. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that more than 40% of genetic variation was derived from populations. Model-based structure, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) algorithms clustered the 131 safflower accessions into four main populations A, B, C, D and an unclassified population, with no meaningful geographical origin. Most diverse accessions originated from Asian countries including Afghanistan, Pakistan, China, Turkey, and India. Four accessions, Turkey3, Afghanistan4, Afghanistan2, and Pakistan24 were found most genetically distant and might be recommended as a candidate parents for breeding purposes. The findings of this study are most probably supported by the seven similarity centers hypothesis of safflower. This is a first study to explore the genetic diversity and population structure in safflower accessions using the iPBS-retrotransposon markers. The information provided in this work will therefore be helpful for scientists interested in safflower breeding.

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Wild Crambe species have greater potential than Crambe hispanica in industry, medicine, and as a vegetable, etc. A total of 53 germplasm accessions, belonging to 7 taxa, were collected from Turkey's natural flora. The accessions consisted of C. orientalis var. orientalis (18 accessions), C. orientalis var. dasycarpa (1 accession), C. orientalis var. sulphurea (2 accessions), C. tataria var. aspera (3 accessions), C. tataria var. tataria (26 accessions), C. grandiflora (1 accession), C. orientalis var. sulphurea, and C. maritima (2 accessions). In this study, the seed fatty acid compositions and oil contents were determined, and the data were used for taxonomic cluster, correlation, and principal component analyses. Important correlations were determined among the fatty acids; however, the oil contents were not correlated. Altitude was positively correlated with linolenic acid, while negatively correlated with oleic and linoleic acid. For the principal component and correlation analyses, 7 major fatty acids (>1%) were used, including palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2), cis-11 eicosenoic (20:1), linolenic (C18:3), erucic (C22:1), and nervonic acid (C24:1). A total of 17 fatty acids were used for the cluster analyses. Two major clusters were formed, where the first consisted of C. orientalis, C. tataria, and C. grandiflora taxa, while the second consisted 3 of only C. maritima taxa. The dendrogram based on the fatty acid values clearly discriminated the species groups; however C. tataria was not located close to C. maritima, contrary to previous molecular cluster studies.

vejetasyon dönemlerinde Ankara ekolojik koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Deneme Tesadüf Bloklarında Bölünen Parseller Deneme Deseni'ne göre üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Denemede ana parsellere fosfor dozları (0, 3, 6, 9 kg/da), alt parsellere de azot dozları (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 kg/da) uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; ketencik (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) bitkisinde farklı fosfor ve azot dozlarının bitki boyu (cm), yan dal sayısı (adet/bitki), 1000 tohum ağırlığı (g), dekara tohum verimi (kg/da), yağ oranı (%) ve yağ asidi kompozisyonu üzerine etkisini belirlemektir. Fosfor ve azot dozlarına bağlı olarak 2011-2012 vejetasyon döneminde ortalama bitki boyunun 52.7-66.0 cm, yan dal sayısının 3.7-8 adet/bitki, 1000 tohum ağırlığının 1.18-1.31 g, tohum veriminin 87.53-181.13 kg/da ve yağ oranının %23.67-31.73 arasında olduğu; 2012-2013 vejetasyon döneminde ise ortalama bitki boyunun 116.4-129.7 cm, yan dal sayısının 5 ile 9.7 adet/bitki, 1000 tohum ağırlığının 1.19-1.48 g, tohum veriminin 106.61-419.82 kg/da ve yağ oranının %24.23-32.30 arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen verilere göre uygun yağış şartlarında en yüksek tohum verimi için toprakta 9-11 kg/da fosfor ve 20 kg/da azot bulunması yeterli olmaktadır. , number of branches per plant, 1000 seed weight (g), the seed yield (kg) and oil content (%) among different phosphorous doses and nitrogen doses ranged from 116.4 to 129.7 cm, 5 to 9.7 number, 1.19 to 1.48 g, 106.61 to 419.82 g and 24.23 to 32.3% respectively. According to in this study, the highest seed yield were obtained from the application of 6 kg/da of phosphorus and 15 kg/da of nitrogen in the appropriate precipitation conditions.

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