Vitamin D (VitD) has important prohormone functions in a wide range of clinical processes, including antiproliferative and immunomodulatory actions, beyond its role in bone and calcium metabolism (Nagpal, Na, & Rathnachalam, 2005). VitD receptors are distributed in most cells and tissues including the vascular smooth cells, endothelium, and cardiomyocytes. VitD deficiency has become

The addition of elongation of Pdur and abnormal HRR to the conventionally used criterion of changes in the ST-segments in patients with suspected myocardial ischaemia increased the specificity and positive and negative predictive values of treadmill ECG testing for detecting myocardial ischaemia, which might reduce the need for other expensive noninvasive techniques. The diagnostic utility of adding these two parameters was more obvious in patients with no history of CAD.

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