The objective of our empirical research is to examine the characteristics of independent supervisory board (SB) on corporate’s risk in dual tier corporate board setting, Indonesia from 2015-2017. This study is different with previous literature in several ways. First, we examine the value of qualified independent SBs in Indonesian dual board setting, while previous studies focus on one-tier board system and developed countries. Second, we also test the effectiveness of several characteristics of qualified independent supervisory board, including size, financial expertise, and tenure on operating and market risks. Based on 1,089 firm-year observations, the results suggest that both independent SB size and financial expertise help company to reduce operating and market risks. Further, we find that independent SB tenure is negatively associated with operating risk. Our results are robust after addressing endogeneity problem.
The purpose of this study is to examine the role of mediating perceptions of procedural fairness on the influence of financial performance measures on the budget gaming behaviour. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method (questionnaire) to 101 division managers of manufacturing companies in West Java with snowballing technique. Data analysis using Partial Least Square WarpPLS 3.0 techniques. The results show that financial performance measures negatively affect the perception of procedural fairness; perceptions of procedural fairness negatively affect the budget gaming behaviour; perceptions of procedural fairness mediate the effect of financial performance measures on the budget gaming behaviour. This result implies that performance measures have an impact on perceptions of fairness and dysfunctional behavior of the budget. This study also contributes to the enrichment of the management control system literature, because it explains the link between the use of financial performance evaluations and the dysfunctional behavior of the budget.
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