Efficient utilization, treatment, and disposal of agricultural wastewater and sewage sludge are important environmental risks. In our research, effluent water from intensive aquaculture was evaluated for the irrigation of short rotation energy willow in a lysimeter experiment. Two different water types and their combinations were applied with weekly doses of 15, 30, and 60 mm, respectively. Our results revealed that implementing effluent water instead of fresh water could potentially increase the yield of the willow due to its higher nitrogen content (29 N mg/l). The biomass of irrigated short rotation coppice (SRC) willow plants were between 493–864 g/plant, 226–482 g/plant, and 268–553 g/plant dry weight during experiment period (2015–2017), respectively. However, due to the chemical properties (Na concentration, SAR value) of effluent water, the increase of the soil exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) was significant and it can lead to soil degradation in the long term. The current study also investigated the relationship between chemical composition of the plant tissue and the irrigation water. In the case of K-levels of willow clones, an increasing trend was observed year-by-year. In terms of N and Na content was localized in leaf parts, especially in samples irrigated with effluent. Less N and Na values were detected in the stem and in the samples irrigated with surface water. In SRC willow plants, phosphorus was mostly localized in the stem, to a lower extent in the leaf part. The difference is mostly observed in the case of the amount of irrigation water, where the P content of the examined plant parts decreased with the increase of the amount of irrigation water. In the case of phenological observations, higher values of plant height were measured during diluted and effluent irrigation. Moreover, the SPAD of the plants irrigated with effluent water exceeded the irrigated ones with surface water.
The growing global water shortage is an increasing challenge for the agricultural sector, which aims to produce sufficient quantity and quality of food and animal feed. In our study, effluent water from an intensive African catfish farm was irrigated on grain sorghum plants in four consecutive years. In our study the effects of the effluent on the N, P, K, Na content of the seeds, on the phenological parameters (plant height, relative chlorophyll content), the green mass, and on the grain yield of three varieties (‘Alföldi 1’, ‘Farmsugro 180’ and ‘GK Emese’) were investigated. Five treatments (Körös River (K) water and effluent (E) water: 30 and 45 mm weekly irrigation water dose; non-irrigated control) were applied with micro-spray irrigation. Compared to non-irrigated plants, effluent water did not negatively affect the N, P, K and Na contents of the grain crop. In terms of phenological parameters, the quality of the irrigation water (150–230 cm) had no negative effect on any of the measured parameters compared to the control (133–187 cm) values. In terms of biomass in 2020, grain yields were 89–109 g/plant with variety Alföldi 1, 64–91 g/plant with variety Farmsugro 180, and 86–110 g/plant with GK Emese.
Az orvosi zsálya (Salvia officinalis L.) az egyik legszélesebb körben alkalmazott gyógynövény. Szárított levelét és illóolaját egyaránt felhasználja a gyógyszer-, a kozmetika- és az élelmiszeripar. A Salviae officinalis folium (Ph.Hg. VIII.,2004) illóolaj-tartalmát és annak összetételét, azaz a drogminőséget jelentősen befolyásolják a termesztés körülményei (talaj-, tápanyag-, víz- és fényellátottság). Az orvosi zsályát szárazságtűrő növényként ismerjük, de az elmúlt évek csapadékszegény időjárása Magyarországon is indokolttá tette az öntözés hatásának vizsgálatát az optimális droghozam és -minőség elérése céljából. Kísérletünkben az öntözés hatását figyeltük meg Közép-Európa legnagyobb liziméter telepén nevelt Salvia officinalis növényeken. A kétéves kísérletben értékeltük a csak természetes csapadékban részesült Öntözetlen kontroll és a 105 mm - idény norma - Holt-Körös vízzel öntözött 16-16 egyed növénymagasságát, bokorátmérőjét, hajtáshosszát, SPAD értékét; továbbá a biomasszát, a friss és száraz levél tömeget, illetve az illóolaj-tartalmat és annak összetételét. Eredményeink azt mutatják, hogy az öntözés mindkét évben szignifikánsan növelte a növénymagasságot, a bokorátmérőt, a hajtáshosszt, valamint a hozamot (biomassza: öntözetlen kontroll:470,46 g/tő; öntözött: 827,48 g/tő). Az öntözés növelte az illóolaj-tartalmat is. Az illóolaj főkomponensei az α-tujon, kámfor, 1,8-cineol, β-tujon és a kámfén voltak, emellett 2021-ben a ledol, 2022-ben pedig a viridiflorol jelent meg mintegy 6%-ot meghaladó mennyiségben az illóolajban. A SPAD érték és a transz-szabinil-acetát aránya az öntözés hatására csökkent.
Cultivation of medicinal plants with the irrigation of agricultural effluents might be of great importance to save fresh water resources, extend cultivation area and increase economic feasibility. We investigated the effects of saline fish farm effluent water, diluted and gypsum-supplemented effluent, and natural freshwater as a control irrigation in lysimeters. Beside plant growth parameters, macronutrient and sodium content and the amount and composition of essential oil of sage plants were measured. Significant differences among irrigation treatments were found in plant height, SPAD value and essential oil content. Seasonal variation was also observed on plant height, nutrient content of the leaves and the total essential oil content. The essential oil components characterised by the highest levels of availability were detected as α-thujone, camphor, ß-thujone, 1,8-cineol and ledol. Under effluent irrigation, the concentrations of - and ß-thujone increased slightly; only camphene, trans-sabinole and caryophyllene-oxide changed significantly. The other main components remained stable. Our analysis of the response of sage to the input of effluent provides a reasonable ground for recommending the utilisation of saline effluent water from intensive fish farming in sage production, thus preventing the wastage of valuable water resources.
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