Our results suggest that measurement of SPP is an objective method for assessing the severity of peripheral arterial disease or for predicting wound healing.

Our study suggests that IFNβ-1b may trigger severe exacerbation in patients with the NMO spectrum. In INFβ-1b therapy, cases in NMO spectrum should be carefully excluded.

The natural course of life and limb is favorable in many patients with Buerger disease. Occurrence or recurrence of necrotic lesions usually is arrested in patients older than 60 years. To avoid factors that markedly influence quality of life, early treatment and strict instruction to prohibit smoking are mandatory. Arterial reconstruction shortens the healing process of ischemic ulcers, despite poor long-term results. However, bypass surgery to treat intermittent claudication should be limited.

Hemodialysis patients with foot lesions have a poor prognosis, with high rates of mortality and amputation. Prompt assessments of the severity of systemic conditions, such as cardiac ischemia, and focal wound conditions, such as ischemia and infection, are necessary to treat hemodialysis patients with foot lesions.

Short-stretch bandages can be expected to have more pronounced benefits for augmenting muscle pump than long-stretch bandages and short-stretch stockings.