Spesies sibling merupakan spesies –spesies yang memiliki kemiripan ciri morfologi serta terjadi isolasi reproduksi dalam suatu populasi. Identifikasi spesies sibling sangat penting dilakukan karena setiap spesies memiliki perbedaan kapasitas vektorial.Pengetahuan yang komprehensif mengenai identitas vektor Anophelespenting dalam upaya pengendalian penyakit malaria berbasis vektor. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi karakter morfologi An.vagus vagusdan An. vagus limosusasal Desa Bangsring Banyuwangi. Identifikasi morfologi dilakukan dengan mengamati bagian kaki, palpus, proboscis dan sayap dengan menggunakan mikroskop stereo berdasarkan beberapa buku kunci identifikasi. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa An. vagusvagusmemiliki karakteristik kaki tidak berbercak, proboscis dengan gelang pucat dan prehumeral sayap dengan pita pucat diantara dua pita gelap. Sedangkan An. vagus limosus memiliki karakteristik kaki tidak berbercak, proboscis keseluruhan gelap dan prehumeral sayap dengan pita gelap seluruhnya.
Since the malaria outbreak in 2011, the breeding place of Anopheles in Bangsring Village on Banyuwangi District has been monitored by District Public Health Office as part of a vector surveillance program. Morphological identification is still a standard tool to observe Anopheles occurrence and diversity, but the presence of cryptic species made it unreliable. In this study, a molecular approach called DNA barcoding technique was used to assist the morphology-based techniques to identify Anopheles species found in Bangsring. The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequence was used as molecular marker. Based on the morphological features, we were able to identify Anopheles (An.) vagus, An. subpictus, An. sundaicus and An. aconitus. ITS2 sequences from the four identified species were then analyzed simultaneously with eighteen reference sequences from NCBI which had a high similarity of 98-100%. The NJ phylogenetic tree formed three major clades, where the two clades as monophyletic clades were An. vagus and An. aconitus. Another clade was formed as polyphyletic clade containing An. subpictus and An. sundaicus. Although An. subpictus and An. sundaicus were placed in the same clade, seven nucleotide differences were observed in their ITS2 sequence. The intra-specific variation of those two species was 0.08 and 0.49%, respectively, while the interspecific variation was 1.39%. Interspecific variation which was higher than the mean intra-specific variation might indicate that An. sundaicus and An. subpictus were a distantly species. However, the value of interspecific variation lower than 3% might also indicate that those species were classified as a complex species. All ITS2 sequences from morphologically identified species had similar results with molecular-based techniques. This result showed that molecular identification using the ITS2 sequence was reliable in supporting morphological identification among closely related anopheline mosquitoes and gave further information about their evolutionary divergence.
Masa Pandemi Covid-19 membuat pelayanan kesehatan pada anak menjadi terbatas. Kegiatan pemantauan dan stimulasi tumbuh kembang yang biasanya dilakukan di Posyandu sementara dihentikan karena adanya pembatasan sosial berskala besar. Oleh karena itu, peran orangtua atau pengasuh sangat besar pada praktik pemantauan dan stimulasi tumbuh kembang pada anak secara mandiri menggunakan Buku KIA. Tujuan kegiatan ini untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap orangtua dalam melakukan pemantauan dan stimulasi tumbuh kembang pada anak secara mandiri menggunakan Buku KIA. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dilakukan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kampung Dalam Pontianak secara daring manggunakan aplikasi ZOOM meeting. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan diantaranya ceramah, demonstrasi, pre dan post test. Peserta kegiatan terdiri dari ibu hamil, ibu nifas, dan ibu yang memiliki anak balita usia 0-5 tahun. Hasil analisis statistik deskriptif pada skor rata-rata antara pre dan post test ditemukan peningkatan pada tingkat pengetahuan ibu dari 61,32 menjadi 80,52. Peningkatan juga ditemukan pada skor rata-rata sikap ibu dalam penggunaan buku KIA, yaitu dari 70,52 menjadi 93,68. Kegiatan berjalan lancar walaupun di masa pandemi covid-19. Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap orangtua mengenai pemantauan dan stimulasi tumbuh kembang pada anak secara mandiri menggunakan buku KIA di masa pandemi Covid-19.
The salivary gland proteins of the Anopheles (An.) female mosquito play vital roles in the transmission of Plasmodium into the human host. A comprehensive understanding of Anopheles identity and its related salivary proteins is a key for vector-based malaria control. This research aims to analyse the protein profile and immunogenicity of Anopheles salivary gland proteins from 2 potential Anopheles vectors, An. vagus and An. sundaicus. Female Anopheles are collected from Bangsring village, Banyuwangi Regency by direct-landing collection. Each species are identified by morphological features and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). Immunogenic proteins were determined by Western Blotting with IgG from people living in the endemic area as primary antibodies. Immunoblotting results showed the presence of 3 immunogenic protein bands with a molecular weight of 34, 46, and 66 kDa in both species. Furthermore, the 99 kDa protein band was present merely in An. sundaicus. Moreover, the result showed that two distinct species have different profiles and immunogenic proteins.
The financial industry in the era of technological development began to be supported by Blockchain technology. Blockchain is a new idea in the financial industry as a solution to solve the problem of digital money (cryptocurrency). Transactions recorded in the blockchain will be permanently stored so that they cannot be manipulated and provide a higher level of security. Blockchain technology supports the development of triple entry bookkeeping which is a configuration of the development of the double entry bookkeeping system. This research uses qualitative proximity to the library research method. The data collected comes from indexed journals on Google Scholar, Science and Technology (Sinta), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), books and other literature which will then be analyzed and set forth in the form of written words.The results of this study show that Triple Entry Bookkeeping in the Blockchain era has many advantages as a form of development of Double Entry Bookkeeping, namely providing information about budgets, automatic transaction validation, automatic public ledger, increasing openness & trust, and solving fraud. In Indonesia itself, blockchain implementation in the field of accounting has been widely carried out, such as on the Online Pajak platform, Bank BCA, PT Pos Indonesia, and other commercial companies listed on the Indonesian Blockchain Association (ABI). The implementation of the triple entry bookkeeping system is still not ready to be implemented by medium-sized entities and MSMEs due to the high costs required, the lack of understanding of professional accountants regarding technology and entities that feel they still do not need a triple entry bookkeeping system. Therefore, support from all parties is needed so that this research can develop and not only become a concept but can be implemented in the financial industry.
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