Treatment of cancer such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy has many side effects. Chemopreventive agent is needed to reduce the side effect and increase the effectivity of therapy. The discovery of cochemopreventive agent should consider on its selectivity to reduce side effects. The selective cochemopreventive agents work effectively in cancer cells and safe for normal cells. Buah Makassar (Brucea javanica) is a natural product that is empirically used for anti-inflammatory and antitumor. The purpose of this study is to determine the cytotoxic effect of ethanolic extract of buah Makassar against 4T1, MCF7, HeLa, and Vero cell lines. The cytotoxic test is performed by MTT assay. The parameter obtained from the cytotoxic test was IC50. Selectivity index is determined from IC50 ratio of cancer cells to normal cells. The results showed that ethanolic extract of buah Makassar has a cytotoxic activity on 4T1, MCF7, HeLa, and Vero cells with IC50 were 49,9±0,83 μg/mL; 107,6±8,14 μg/mL; 228,9±4,16 μg/mL and 395,5± 4,21 μg/mL respectively. It also has high selectivity on 4T1 metastatic breast cancer cell with selectivity index of 7,93. It can be concluded that the ethanolic extract of buah Makassar has potential to be delevoped as cochemopreventive agent especially on metastatic breast cancer. Keywords: Brucea javanica, MTT assay, selectivity index, 4T1, MCF7, HeLa, Vero

Breast cancer is one type of cancer with a high mortality rate due to its metastatic property. Red betel leaves (Piper crocatum Ruiz dan Pav) has been known as herbal medicine containing biophenolic, such as apigenin and luteolin derivatives which has cytotoxic activity toward cancer cells. This study is intended to explore the inhibitory effect of Piper crocatum leaves methanolic extract (PCM) on cell proliferation and migration by using 4T1 cells as model of metastatic breast cancer. By using MTT assay, PCM performed cytotoxic activity in a dose dependent manner with IC50 value of 120 μg/mL. Wound healing assay revealed that migration inhibitory activity of PCM on 4T1 cells at the concentration of 30 µg/mL. In conclusion, PCM perform cytotoxic effect and antimigration activity toward metastatic breast cancer cells.Keywords : breast cancer cells, Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav, cytotoxic, cell mgration

Less optimized therapeutic effects constrain the use of doxorubicin as the main agent of chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer, resistance and side effects. Therefore we need a combination of more than one chemopreventive agent which has different molecular targets to solve that problem. The aims of this study is to prove the inhibitory effect of ethanolic extract of rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrhiza (ECx), fruit of Brucea javanica (EBj), leave of Ficus septica (EFs) and doxorubicin (Dox) alone and its combination on migration and invasion of a highly metastatic 4T1 breast cancer cell line. Cytotoxic activity of single and combination treatment was evaluated by MTT assay, followed by an experiment of apoptosis induction by using flow cytometry. The inhibitory effect on migration was observed by the scratch wound-healing assay. Furthermore, the observation of the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was analyzed by gelatin zymography. The results showed that ECx, EBj, EFs, and Dox has cytotoxic activity on 4T1 cells with the value of IC50 respectively 49.7±1.53g/mL, 59.9±1.79g/mL, 15.2±2.12g/mL and 1.2±0.23M. Furthermore, the combination of ECx-EBj-Dox and ECx-EBj-EFs revealed a synergistic effect on 4T1 cells and decrease cell viability through the induction of apoptosis and necrosis. Based on wound healing assay, 24h incubation of this combination inhibited 4T1 cells migration compared to single treatment. Gelatin zymography analysis showed that this combination also inhibited the activity of MMP-9 greater than a single use. Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Brucea javanica, and Ficus septica may have potential to be developed as a combination with or without doxorubicin for metastatic breast cancer treatment.

The current nutritional problems are still the world's attention, especially in developing countries, including Indonesia. The Global Nutrition Report shows that Indonesia is a country with three main nutritional problems: wasting, overweight, and stunting (under five) in infants. Stunting has short-term and long-term effects associated with growth and developmental disorders. This study wants to determine the correlation between energy and protein intake of children aged 12-24 months in Plerean, Sumberjambe, Jember. This is an observational research with cross sectional study design. The population of this study were all children aged 12-24 months in Plerean Village, Sumberjambe, Jember. A total of 48 parents/respondents were interviewed about the consumption history of the on the previous day. This is done to determine the energy and protein intake consumed by the research subjects. Measurement of energy and protein intake using 24-hours food recall method and stunting was obtained from secondary data obtained from Puskesmas Sumberjambe. This research used purposive sampling method. The data obtained is then converted into calorie units and processed using a statistical program. The results showed showed 28 subjects were male. Most parents of research subjects earn less than the Minimum Wage District (UMK). A total of 68.75% of subjects had severe deficit in energy intake. A total of 52.08% of subjects had a severe deficit protein. Using Spearman correlation test the correlation of energy intake with the incidence of stunting obtained p value = 0.000 with correlation coefficient -0.589. Then, the relationship of protein intake with the incidence of stunting obtained p = 0.001 with a correlation coefficient of -0.446. So it can be concluded that severe deficit in energy and protein intake correlates with stunting in the study subjects. Keywords: 24-hours food recall, Energy, Protein, Stunting

Abstract-The