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Indonesia is the largest social media market in Southeast Asia with approximately 79 million active users. Since 2015, government agencies have been actively using social media as one of their communication channels. This study aims to analyse whether the advent of communication technologies of social media has made Indonesia government to perform a long-term two-way communication with the citizens. The social network analysis (SNA) method was used to analyse four types of government-citizens' conversations on social media: daily communication, campaign communication, crisis, and emergency communication. Two Indonesian government agencies' social media accounts at the national level were selected as samples. One was a policy-based government agency and the other was a service-based agency. This study found that a two-way communication happened in a limited way, which was mainly in the daily conversation. The policybased agency used social media as a channel to disseminate information, thus they had a low number of interactions. Although the agency allows comments from every follower on Facebook page, there was no interaction between the agency and the public. The agency apparently was more active to reply messages via Twitter. The high number of fake followers and political buzzer on Twitter support the finding that the only interest for the agency to be on Twitter was to disseminate information. Lack of interaction happened in the campaign communication, also in crisis and emergency communication-types of communication that are urgent and important.

This paper presents the results of a content analysis of older adults in Malaysian advertising. It is the first study to utilize both print and television advertisements. Despite a global ageing population, many businesses in general and advertisers in particular have been criticized for not meeting the needs of older consumers. Previous content analyses reveal that older adults are vastly underrepresented, and this is true across many countries in the world. The present study finds that while older women are still slightly underrepresented, there appears to be progress made in that greater numbers of older adults are now included in mainstream advertising. Moreover, these seniors are depicted as relatively happy, active, and physically strong and are utilized in ads for a range of different products. The study is the first content analysis to tentatively suggest that business is now beginning to respond to the shift in demographics.

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Background. Management of patients in intensive care units (ICUs) needs staff with a recommended level of expertise and experience owing to the life-threatening nature of illnesses, injuries and complications that these patients present with. There are no specific guidelines governing physiotherapy practice in ICUs in Nigeria. Hence, there is a need to have expert consensus on the minimum clinical standard of practice for physiotherapists working in ICUs as a first step to proposing/developing guidelines in the future. Objective. To assess the expert consensus on the minimum clinical standard of practice for physiotherapists working in ICUs in Nigeria. Method. Physiotherapists with working experience in Nigerian ICUs were purposively recruited into the present study using a modified Delphi technique. A questionnaire comprising 222 question items on the role of physiotherapy in critical care was adopted and administered to the participants over three rounds of Delphi procedure (online). Participants checked either 'essential' , 'not essential' or 'unsure' for each question item. For each question item to be considered 'essential' or 'not essential' , a consensus agreement ≥70% had to be met. Questions without consensus were further modified by providing definition or clarification and presented in subsequent rounds. Data were analysed descriptively. Results. We recruited 26 expert physiotherapists who consented to the study and completed the first round of the study. The majority of the physiotherapists (n=24) remained in the study after the third round. A total of 178 question items were adjudged to be 'essential' after the first round, and a further 15 and three additional items were subsequently adjudged to be as 'essential' after modifying the outstanding question items during the second and third rounds, respectively. No consensus was reached for 24 items. None of the question items were ranked as 'not essential' after all the rounds. Conclusion. Expert consensus was achieved for a substantial number of question items regarding knowledge and skills for assessment, condition and treatment items of the questionnaire by experienced critical care physiotherapists in Nigeria. Keywords. expert consensus; critical care physiotherapy; Delphi technique; standards of practice.

penetration across the globe and the wide distribution of false information on Internet platforms have resulted in the pressing need to study the effects of fake content on society. The advancement of technologies also had contributed to a more sophisticated false content that could be produced. Widespread use of forged images and realistic fake videos were made possible through computer-generated techniques. Several studies had been done by other scholars to study the influence of fake news during elections (see Anis & Gentzkow, 2016; Persily, 2017) however limited has been done in the Southeast Asian perspective. This research aims to look at the distribution of fake news during two elections in Southeast Asia, focusing on Malaysia 14th General Election in 2018 and Indonesia Presidential Election 2019; and how false information influenced political discourse. We employed two different methods for this study which were social network analysis (SNA) and in-depth interviews. We analyzed six different hashtags popular during these two elections and how these hashtags were used as conduits to share false information. For Malaysia, three specific hashtags were studied-#MalaysiaBaru, #PakatanHarapan, #IniKalilah, while in Indonesia #DebatPintarJokowi #PrabowoMenangDebat and #PropagandaRusia. Our findings revealed that 1) fake news not only shared by ordinary users but also as a strategic communication by cyber armies employed by political parties, 2) fake news to a certain degree had influenced political discussion on social media during election period, 3) people are more likely to find stories that favored their political parties, and 4) victims of false content are believed to have low media literacy.

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