The aim of this research was to determine the accelerating effects of microorganisms on the biodeterioration of stone under air pollution and continental-cold climatic region in Erzurum, Turkey.Studies have been carried out on specimens of the Rustempasa Bazaar, the Lalapasa Mosque, the Erzurum Castle Mosque, the Double Minarets-Madrasah, the Great Mosque and the Haji Mehmet Fountain aged from 441 to 823 years old. The results showed that vegetative and reproductive (generative) forms of the microorganisms could develop during the winter months when the night time average temperature was even À25 8C. Also the reproductive forms had developed and the whole stone surface was covered with a biofilm caused by the microorganisms. Silicon, aluminum, calcium, potassium, titanium, magnesium, zinc, sulfur, iron, sodium, and niobium were found in the stones of the historical buildings with varying amounts through the SEM-EDS analysis. Some of these elements could be used as an energy resource for the microorganisms together with the air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particles on the stone surfaces. Of 21 isolates, 15 species from 6 bacterium genera and 5 species from 5 fungi genera plus 1 fungi genera were identified on the deteriorated stone surfaces even during the coldest months by microbial identification system (MIS) and these findings were tested by SEM investigations. D
ÖzetAraştırmada öğretmen adaylarının eleştirel düşünme eğilimlerini cinsiyet, öğrenim görülen anabilim dalı, alan (sosyal-fen) ve sınıf düzeyi değişkenlerine göre incelemek amacıyla Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi'nde 2013-2014 öğretim yılında öğrenim gören 278 öğretmen adayı ile çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada genel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Sonuçta araştırmaya katılan öğretmen adaylarının eleştirel düşünme eğilimi ve alt boyutlarında olumlu yönde bir düzeye sahip oldukları ve cinsiyete göre eleştirel düşünme eğilimi ile analitiklik ve açık fikirlilik; alan değişkenine göre eleştirel düşünme eğilimi ile doğruyu arama ve sistematiklik alt boyutlarında anlamlı farklılık olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sınıf değişkenine göre ise eğilim ve alt boyutlarında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Anabilim dalı değişkenine göre ise eleştirel düşünme eğilimi ile kendine güven, doğruyu arama ve sistematiklik alt boyutlarında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur.Anahtar Sözcükler: Eğitim fakültesi, öğretmen adayları, eleştirel düşünme eğilimi.
AbstractThe research has been conducted with 278 pre-service teachers who studied at Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Education during the 2013-2014 academic year with the aim of researching pre-service teachers' critical thinking tendencies in terms of gender, department, field and grade level. In this research general screening model was used. In conclusion, critical thinking tendency and subdimensions level of pre-service teachers' was found positively and some significant differences were found between critical thinking tendency, analyticity and openmindedness sub-dimensions in terms of gender; between critical thinking tendency, truth-seeking and sistematicity sub-dimensions in terms of field variable. No signifi-* Bu çalışma 04-06 Eylül 2014 tarihleri arasında düzenlenen 23. Eğitim Bilimleri Kurultayı'nda sözlü bildiri olarak sunulmuştur.
In this study, we examined myxomycetes that developed in moist chamber cultures of substrata material collected from Kütahya and Konya provinces in Turkey. We collected bark samples from living trees, plant litter from the ground, standing dead wood or stumps, and downed and decayed wood or bark and placed them in the moist chamber cultures. We identified 36 species belonging to 12 genera of myxomycetes. The species determined are listed, and four new records, Didymium balearicum Ing, Macbrideola oblonga Pando & Lado, Paradiacheopsis erythropodia (Ing) Nann–Bremek. and Perichaena pedata (Lister & G. Lister) G. Lister, are added to the mycoflora of Turkey.
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