Introduction. Today, ensuring high-quality socio-economic development and high rates of economic growth of the domestic economy, based on the model of sustainable development, is virtually impossible without effective structural reform of the real sector of the national economy. And one of the key tools to achieve these strategic goals is the method of program-targeted management, which requires the development and implementation of new approaches to its effective application. The purpose of the article is to develop parameters for improving the effectiveness of program-targeted management in the system of structural reform of the national economy. Results. The issue of application of program-target management in the implementation of structural reform of the national economy is investigated in the work. The foreign experience on application of levers of program-target management in maintenance of structural transformations in branches of real sector of economy is analyzed. In addition, a list of basic programs in developed countries is identified and their features are presented. The author's definition of the state target program on the basis of the project approach to the organization of the system of management of macroeconomic processes is substantiated. The main problems of state programming of structural transformations in Ukrainian economy are clarified. The organizational model of program-target providing of structural reforming of Ukrainian economy is offered. Measures to improve the domestic system of state planning, forecasting and programming have been identified. Conclusions. The approach proposed in the study to the program-targeted support of structural reform of Ukrainian economy is aimed at optimizing the tools of economic programming, in particular, determining their integrity and interrelation in achieving strategic goals, ensuring vertical integration of budget expenditures, improving the system of control and accountability of officials. Keywords: strategic planning, program-target management, macroeconomic forecasting, national economy, structural reform.
The European Green Deal, a new economic growth strategy, involves changing the model of development of the European continent in the direction of better harmony with the environment. Tax policy can be a valuable tool for state regulation of the green transition. The article aims to answer the question, is the current state of environmental taxation in Ukraine in line with EU best practices? Could we suggest ways to improve domestic tax tools through harmonization with the EU Green Deal? To assess the level of harmonization of environmental taxation in Ukraine and the EU, the sigma convergence method was used for calculation of variance and the assessment of convergence (divergence) of indicators of tax revenues from environmental taxation. The primary areas regulated by environmental taxation are outlined. This step revealed that in Ukraine, the transport tax and energy taxation do not contain an environmental component, and land fees do not use their environmental potential in both Ukraine and the EU. An analysis of the dynamics of environmental payments in the EU and Ukraine was made in terms of convergence (divergence) of indicators. On the basis of the European experience of ecological taxation, new elements to the strategy of reforming ecological taxation in Ukraine were proposed. The reforming of environmental taxation could increase the effectiveness of the incentive function of taxes, simplify and improve the quality of tax administration, promote the formation of a transparent system of state control, and strengthen accountability for corruption and negligence in the public sector.
У статті розглянуто еволюцію особливостей та механізмів здійснення структурних трансформацій у зарубіжних країнах, що призвели до формування нині існуючих високоефективних ринкових економік. Проаналізовано ендогенні та екзогенні чинники, що викликають структурні зміни та значною мірою визначають рівень розвитку національної економіки, на прикладі високорозвинених капіталістичних країн та країн Південної Азії. Запропоновано визначення таких дефініцій, як «економічний розвиток», «економічне зростання» та «соціальна інфраструктура» з погляду структурних перетворень у національній економіці. Досліджено питання впливу рецесійних шоків на зміни в розвитку галузевої й регіональної структури національної економіки. Визначено перелік найпоширеніших засад та важелів здійснення структурних трансформацій державними інституціями.
The role of state structural regulation of the national economy in the conditions of the high volatility of economic cycles is substantiated. The key parameters of the system of state regulation of the economy in terms of permanent structural transformation and cyclical national economy are defined as the following: efficiency, balance of interests of all participants in economic relations, socialization and greening of economic processes. The evolution of basic theories of cyclical economic development is studied, and their main features in terms of factor influence on cyclicity and structural transformations in the system of the national economy are determined. The scientific and methodological approach to determining the content of structural changes in the national economy is determined as a transition from one paradigm of development and economic growth to another paradigm more adequate to the global challenges and domestic demands faced by society. The author's definitions of the structural-economic conceptual-categorical apparatus that reflects the transformation processes in the cyclical economy are suggested, in particular: the structure of the national economy (structural basis); structural changes (transformation, shifts); structural policy; structural reform (restructuring); structural crisis. The cyclical development of the economy is characterized, which is often accompanied by such undesirable parameters as discreteness, uncertainty, chaos, which affects economic growth and resilience of the national economy to recession shocks. Timely structural reform is determined to be the only vector to prevent it, including ensuring the availability of developed domestic markets, high competitiveness of domestic companies in global markets, high level of solvency of domestic consumers and efficient structure of the national economy. These factors will help reduce the level of negative effects arising from market fluctuations.
Назаркевич І.Б., Назаркевич О.Б. Інтегральна оцінка діяльності малих підприємств України в умовах структурної трансформації вітчизняної економіки. Науково-методична стаття. З'ясовано роль малих підприємств в умовах структурної трансформації вітчизняної економіки. Сформовано алгоритм проведення оцінки ефективності господарської діяльності малих підприємств України за різними галузями економіки. Визначено комплекс показників, які характеризують ефективність господарської діяльності малих підприємств. Проаналізовано тенденції розвитку малого підприємництва в Україні. Проведено рейтингову оцінку ефективності господарювання малих підприємств України за різними видами економічної діяльності. Обчислено Інтегральний індекс потенціалу малого підприємництва. Встановлено найкращий інтегральний індекс у малих підприємств фінансової та страхової діяльності, транспорту, складського господарства, поштової та кур'єрської діяльності. Ключові слова: підприємництво, малі підприємства, структурні зміни, інтегральна рейтингова оцінка, сталий розвиток, ефективність господарської діяльності Nazarkevych I.B., Nazarkevych O.B. Integral evaluation of the activity of small enterprises of Ukraine in the conditions of structural transformation of the national economy. Scientific and methodical article. The role of small enterprises in the conditions of the national economy transformation is clarified. The algorithm of estimation of management efficiency in Ukrainian small enterprises according to different types of economic activity has been suggested. The set of indicators, which characterize the efficiency of small enterprises economic activity, has been defined. The tendencies of small business development in Ukraine are has been analyzed. The rating of small enterprises economic efficiency on different types of economic activity has been carried out. The integral index of small business potential has been calculated. The best integrated index for small financial and insurance companies, transport, warehousing, postal and courier activities has been established.
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