Rapid development of modern technology and its increasing complexity make high demands to the quality of training of its users. Among others, an important class is vehicles, both civil and military. In the teaching of associated subjects, the accepted hierarchy of teaching aids includes common visual aids (posters, videos, scale models etc.) on the first stage, followed by simulators ranging in complexity, and finished at real vehicles. It allows achieving some balance between cost and efficiency by partial replacement of more expensive and elaborated aids with the less expensive ones. However, the analysis of teaching experience in the Military Institute of Armored Forces of National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute” (Institute) reveals that the balance is still suboptimal, and the present teaching aids are still not enough to allow efficient teaching. This fact raises the problem of extending the range of available teaching aids for vehicle-related subjects, which is the aim of the work. Benefiting from the modern information and visualization technologies, we present a new teaching aid that constitutes a spherical (360° or 3D) photographic panorama and a Virtual Reality (VR) device. The nature of the aid, its potential applications, limitations and benefits in comparison to the common aids are discussed. The proposed aid is shown to be cost-effective and is proved to increase efficiency of training, according to the results of a teaching experiment that was carried out in the Institute. For the implementation, a tight collaboration between the Institute and an IT company “Innovative Distance Learning Systems Limited” was established. A series of panoramas, which are already available, and its planned expansions are presented. The authors conclude that the proposed aid may significantly improve the cost-efficiency balance of teaching a range of technology subjects.
As evidenced by the practice of the russian-ukrainian war, the basis for achieving a successful outcome of hostilities by units and units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is: early or operative modeling of the scenario (tactics) of future hostilities; their early and reasonable forecasting of material and technical costs, losses among personnel and weapons and military equipment; determination of the material and technical infrastructure of the enemy to the full depth of the tactical and operational construction of his battle orders, which requires a fire impact; manifestation of full initiative in direct contact with the enemy in all types of combat operations. For convenience and objectivity, the process of predicting the actions of the enemy and simulating the actions of one’s troops on the ground in advance or in real time is achieved by visualizing them using programs with 3D technologies. Visualization (computer animation) allows you to depict in detail the terrain (landscape) of the area of future hostilities and contributes to the competent construction of battle orders of units (subunits) of your troops in relation to the location of the enemy up to a tactical unit: a gun, a tank, a soldier, etc. As a result, the process of making an effective decision, determining a sufficient number of forces and means to be used, and choosing a scenario (tactics) of combat operations taking into account a specific situation is simplified. In addition, it is advisable to create a visualization of combat episodes in the area of hostilities that have already taken place in order to professionally analyze the actions of the opposing parties, to identify shortcomings (or positive, useful points) in the actions of our troops or the enemy. In the educational process, the visualization of combat episodes contributes to the acquisition of combat experience, taking it into account in the further actions of the relevant officials of units (units) and subordinate units (units). The results of hostilities depend on the ability of the appropriate control system in the conditions of an extremely complex and highly dynamic network-centric war to ensure the conduct of complex military, aerospace intelligence and the processing of this intelligence with sufficient speed. Level of reliability and usefulness for obtaining effective management information and bringing it to the relevant management bodies (headquarters or decision-making centers) for the purpose of early planning and making informed decisions regarding the combat use of the specified forces and means. Therefore, the study of the specifics of the content of intelligence-management information (IMinf), which enters management systems through interactive three- dimensional visualization of scenarios and combat episodes, and the determination of trends in the development of such systems is extremely relevant.
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