Traditional sound-absorbing materials have a number of disadvantages: low water resistance, low compressive and tensile strengths, low weather resistance, etc. Therefore, new sound-absorbing materials need to be developed with improved properties including the involvement of industrial byproducts. The influence of the grain-size composition of the rubber crumb from used car tires on the sound insulation of cement and gypsum composites was studied in the paper. The results of the study contribute to the creation of a structural material for the manufacture of sound-absorbing as well as load-bearing structures. The field of application of the developed materials is very extensive.
In an area as large as Spain, it is shown by statistical inference on a sample of 875 springs (with discharges greater than 10 l s<sup>−1</sup>), whose average flow, lithology and catchment areas are known, and which were grouped into regions of contrasting rainfall, that the average annual recharge is a fixed fraction of annual rainfall for each lithology. Recharge rates have thus been established with respect to rainfall for six lithological groups of different permeability: sands, gravels and generally alluvial formations 8.3%; conglomerates, 5.6%; sandstones, 7.3%; limestone and dolomite 34.3%; marls, marly limestones, silts and clays, 3.3%; and hard rocks, 1.3%. Since Spain can be considered to be representative, given its large size and a highly varied lithology, topography and rainfall, these recharge rates with respect to rainfall are probably quasi-universal values, which can be used to estimate the average recharge or average groundwater resources of large regions in any part of the world (except in special cases such as areas that have permafrost). In any case, the recharge rates can be adapted for each region according to its particular characteristics. Rainfall and lithology data are abundant, and so the method can be widely used to calculate hydraulic balances. The method has been applied to the Duero basin in Spain and to other European countries (Portugal, Ireland and Italy), obtaining recharge results that are very similar to those calculated by other methods
Only in the process of communication it is possible to find means which are necessary for interaction. Primary nonverbal means of establishing communicative interaction are improving in continuous practice of communication. Non-verbal means of communication are developing and are improving through communicative gestures and as the add-in under already formed means of communication, the words appear -the first means of verbal communication. Thus, communication with close adults provides the formation of the communicative -speech competences of children. This understanding of the ontogeny of the formation of the communicative-speech competences allows us to draw a conclusion about the gradual displacement of non-verbal means of verbal communication. Moreover, these non-verbal means of communication do not disappear, but they are transferred from fixed assets in the subsidiary. In the context of the studied theme: the communicatively-speech competences of children of early ages are non-verbal and verbal means of interaction with close adults and the methods of their usage with the purpose of reaching the appearing of household, gaming, cognitive and creative needs. To achieve the aim of exploring we used the methods of diagnostics of psycho-speech development of the child of early ages (E. V. Sheremetyeva, 2013), which allowed us to make a communicative-speech profile of the child.In the exploring were involved 40 children of the third year of life. On the basis of the obtained data, we can conclude that young children with deviations in language development in contrast to children with normal speech development have not sufficiently formed communicative-speech competences, which negatively affects the productivity of communication. The information of our experimental exploring is the basis for development of complex methods and methods of psychological and pedagogical support of the formation of communicative and speech competences of children with deviations in language development.
Se da cuenta de un nuevo tablero del corte estratigráfico del yacimiento paleolítico de San Isidro realizado por Emilio Rotondo. Conserva la única descripción detallada de su estratigrafía, lo que contribuye a mejorar la información de este histórico yacimiento. Se identifican 34 niveles por sus características granulométricas, color, espesor y estructura. Dos de ellos tenían material arqueológico: la capa 26 de arenas y arcillas con industria lítica y restos de mamíferos fósiles (también las capas inferiores 27-28-29-30) y la capa 34 de gravas con industria lítica.
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