Nowadays in Ukraine there is no single view on understanding of the strategy of development of energy safety, which profoundly and negatively affected the general state of national safety of the country. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of legal security of energy safety in Ukraine, check it for compliance with its obligations under the Association Agreement with the EU and other EU acts that proclaim the standards in the field of energy safety. This paper refers to the experience of the EU energy safety legislation. Furthemore, this study provides analysis of Ukrainian legislation in this field, draws attention to the existing conflicts and gaps, emphasizing the need to optimize legislation of Ukraine's energy safety according to the EU standards. Keywords: energy safety, energy law, the EU energy safety, energy safety of Ukraine, legislation of energy safety, adaptation of Ukrainian energy legislation to the EU standards.
The purpose of the article is to clarify the role and importance of environmental legal culture in ensuring the sustainable development of society. Methodological basis of the research includes general theoretical principles of scientific knowledge (comprehensiveness, validity, complexity), which allowed to provide various aspects in the study of ecological legal culture. It is based on a complex combination of research approaches, the leading among which is integrative, as well as general scientific methods (formal-logical, structural and functional). Scientific novelty is to identify the essence and importance of environmental legal culture as one of the main factor for ensuring the sustainable development of society. Based on the analysis of scientific-theoretical approaches of the understanding of environmental culture, legal culture, environmental legal culture, as well as the current legislation and sources devoted to diagnostics of the effectiveness of the implementation of national environmental policy, it is substantiated that environmental legal culture is a complex integral category that includes a complex of interconnected cognitive, value and activity components, characterized by a certain level of environmental and legal knowledge and active activity in their practical reality ted; is a factor in the effectiveness of legal regulation of public relations in the field of environmental protection and an effective instrument of environmental policy in the country, and therefore a factor in ensuring the sustainable development of society. Keywords: environmental culture, legal culture, environmental legal culture, environmental policy, sustainable development.
The importance of introducing and developing of alternative energy in the context of ensuring environmental human rights were analyzed in the article. The role of international governmental and non-governmental environmental organizations in ensuring environmental human rights was identified. The main international legal treaties governing the reduction of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and the introduction of renewable energy were analyzed. Attention was drawn to the need to strengthen the role of international governmental and non-governmental organizations within the framework of oversight and monitoring functions regarding the possibility of influencing specific states that do not comply with the provisions of signed and ratified international conventions. It was concluded about the necessary adjustment of the vector of development of environmental rights protection instruments in the direction of its world globalization. To date, the process of world globalization must be shifted from a purely economic to a social and environmental one. The current global concept of supporting the development of alternative energy sources needs to undergo some changes. Considering that the environmental problem is universal and, although to varying degrees, it still applies to every individual, regardless of country or nationality of a person, the obligation to protect the environment should be universal and not only provided by government bodies of sovereign states, but also by international governmental organizations. The position of the necessity of establishing of international financing funds which would be implemented by their Member States on a permanent basis as a percentage of their budget is being maintained. Expanding the power of controlling entities of international organizations in respect of environmental human rights of citizens of different countries and of the whole society is considered necessary. Keywords: alternative energy, environmental human rights, international protection of environmental human rights, international governmental and non-governmental environmental organizations
The purpose of the article is to study problems of international legal regulation and supranational cooperation in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. The institutional and international legal mechanism of counteraction to the spread of the pandemic is analyzed. The problem moments of realization of provisions of the main international acts in the area of counteraction to the Coronavirus disease by the national governments are marked out. The methodological basis for the article is general and special methods and techniques of scientific knowledge, in particular: formal-logical, Aristotelian method, method of documentary, system-structured method, formal and legal method, forecasting method, method of generalization. The key problems of international legal counteraction to the pandemic spread are as follows: advisory (not obligatory) character of the majority of international legal acts related to the fight against COVID-19; disinterest of the states in timely informing WHO about the outbreaks of infectious diseases; arbitrary interpretation of the international acts by national governments; human rights restrictions on the movement imposed by the states; lack of a clear funding mechanism to build the necessary global and national infrastructure to ensure commitment in accordance with the International Health Regulations.
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