: Free radical contained one or more unpaired electrons in its valence shell, thus making it unstable, short-lived and highly reactive specie. Excessive generation of these free radicals ultimately leads to oxidative stress causing oxidation and damage to significant macromolecules in the living system and essentially disrupting signal transduction pathways and antioxidants equilibrium. At lower concentrations, ROS serves as “second messengers” influencing many physiological processes in the cell. However, at higher concentrations beyond cell capacity causes oxidative stress, which contributes to much human pathology such as diabetes, cancer, Parkinson’s disease, cardiovascular diseases, cataract, asthma, hypertension, atherosclerosis, arthritis and Alzheimer’s disease. Signaling pathways such as NF-κB, MAPKs, PI3K/Akt/ mTOR and Keap1-Nrf2-ARE modulates the detrimental effects of oxidative stress by increasing the expression of cellular antioxidant defenses, phase II detoxification enzymes and decreased production of ROS. Free radicals such as H2O2 are indeed needed for the advancement of cell cycle as these molecules influences DNA, proteins and enzymes in the cell cycle pathway. In the course of cell cycle progression, the cellular redox environment becomes more oxidized moving from G1 phase, becomes higher in G2/M and moderate in S phase. Signals in the form of an increase in cellular pro-oxidant levels are required and these signals are often terminated by a rise in the amount of antioxidants and MnSOD with a decrease in the level of cyclin D1 proteins. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of cell cycle redox regulation will help in therapy of many diseases.

COVID-19 Pandemic post threats to the life of millions of people across the globe as no specific therapeutics or vaccines have been scientifically proven. In this paper, we discussed the applications of nanoparticles in combating the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nanoparticles have indeed revolutionized medicine often employed for a variety of purposes including therapeutics, nanodevices, biosensors, vaccines, nano drugs, drug carriers, and set to combating the current menace of COVID-19 by providing immense solutions. Nanoparticles play role in tackling infectious diseases via the development of virus-like nanoparticles for the overall improving immune response, point-of-care diagnostic devices for rapid diagnoses, and nano-therapeutics for better treatment.

Background: In spite of the progress that was recorded in the development of anticancer drugs, challenges continue to rises particularly due to resistance of the cancer chemotherapies and low sensitivity of the commercially available anticancer drugs. Methodology: collection and review of available literatures. Results: Bovine lactoferricin (LfcinB) is a cationic peptide with broad spectrum antimicrobial and anticancer activity. It also shows promising activity against many varieties of cancer cells including colon carcinoma cells, melanoma, fibrosarcoma, monocytic leukemic cells and neuroblastoma. It is unaffected by multidrug resistance mechanisms seen with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, and displays a higher specificity for cancer cells versus normal cells in comparison to conventional chemotherapy.  Conclusion: LfcinB exhibit strong antitumor activity effectively penetrating cell membrane, activating caspases and induce apoptosis to cancer cells.

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