Aims:  The in vitro antifungal activity of Brazilian green and red propolis was tested against different species of Trichophyton. Methods and Results:  The antifungal activity of the Brazilian aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the green propolis and the alcoholic extract of red propolis was observed against Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton tonsurans and Trichophyton mentagrohytes samples, using as controls itraconazole and terbinafine. The minimal inhibitory concentration was determined following the microdilution method indicated by the ‘Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute’. The minimal fungicide concentration was determined by the absence of growth in liquid sabouraud culture medium. The data obtained showed that the green propolis alcoholic extract’s antifungal activity was from 64 to 1024 μg ml−1, whereas the red propolis alcoholic extract was from 8 to 1024 μg ml−1. Conclusions:  The antifungal activity of the red propolis alcoholic extract was more efficient than the green propolis alcoholic extract for all three species studied. The T. rubrum samples were shown to be more sensitive to the antifungal activity of the alcoholic extracts of the propolis. Significance and Impact of the Study:  The antifungal potential of the alcoholic extracts of green and red propolis demonstrated suggest an applicable potential as an alternative treatment for dermatophytosis caused by these species.

Onychomycosis in HIV/AIDS patients presents various clinical manifestations and may be caused by emerging fungi. The peculiarities presented by different fungal agents justify the need for identification to species level, with the purpose of guiding better therapeutic approaches and minimizing these patients' exposure to conditions presenting a risk of disseminated infection.

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Emerging fungal pathogens are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the immunocompromised host. The association of fungi from the Fusarium genus with human infection in uncommon. The objective of this paper is to report the first case of fungaemia caused by Fusarium lateritium in a 42-year-old HIV-infected patient. Members of the genus Fusarium are ubiquitous fungi uncommonly associated with human infection. However, they have been described as emerging fungal pathogens associated with significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts (2,6).Human infection usually occurs as a result of inoculation of organism through the body surface, thus causing skin infection, onychomycosis, keratitis, fungaemia, endophtalmitis and arthritis. The disseminated form may occur in patients with severe immunodeficiency (2), although rarely found in HIVpositive or AIDS patients (4).Species of Fusarium cause spread illness, but the invasive form has recently emerged as the more common etiological agent after solid-organ transplantation (9,10). Considering the increasing number of cases of HIV and the susceptibility to opportunistic mycosis, the objective of this study is to relate the first case of fungaemia caused by Fusarium lateritium in a HIV-positive patient.The patient is a 42-year-old Brazilian male, living as a gardener in Recife Metropolitan Region -Pernambuco State, Brazil. Upon arrival to the Hospital Correia Picanço ambulatory, Recife, PE, Brazil, the patient was submitted to physical examination, and skin lesions, necrotic nodules, axillar furuncle, fever, erythematous papules and abscesses were observed. Laboratory tests revealed 434/mm3 CD4 blood cells counts and 4.670 copies/mm 3 of viral load. Venous blood samples were aseptically collected in three consecutive days, by venipuncture into VACUTAINER® tubes using EDTA anticoagulant. The samples were subcultured in biphasic Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) and incubated at 36.5°C for five days. The mycological diagnosis was carried out in the Medical Mycology Laboratory of Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.Pure cultures were transferred to the surface of potato dextrose agar medium for taxonomic identification. The isolates were identified based on macroscopic and microscopic properties (1,8).Among the numerous colonies on potato dextrose agar maintained at room temperature, one attained a diameter of 2.5cm after four days. The fungus presented slow growth and sparse aerial mycelium. Macroconidia were long with parallel walls, and the apical cells had a distinct beak shape, while basal cells were foot-shaped. Microconidial shapes varied from oval to spindle and kidney-shaped. Branched and unbranched monophialides were observed, and chlamydospores appeared singly (Fig. 1). This fungus was subsequently identified as F. lateritium based on Booth and Nelson (1,8). The strain was deposited in the URM Culture Collection of the Department of

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RESUMO Objetivo: Estudar a incidência de fungos isolados de amostras de lavado bronco alveolar, fragmentos de tecido pulmonar e escarro de pacientes assistidos no Hospital Otávio de Freitas. Materiais e métodos: Estudo observacional retrospectivo descritivo com análise dos registros de 756 pacientes que realizaram exame direto e culturas de lavado bronco alveolar, fragmentos de tecido pulmonar e/ou escarro no Laboratório de Micologia Médica do Hospital Otávio de Freitas em Recife-PE, no período de março de 2012 a maio de 2015. Foram também analisados os resultados das sorologias para Aspergillus realizadas no mesmo período no Laboratório de Imunodiagnóstico de Micoses Sistêmicas do Departamento de Micologia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Resultados: Foram isolados 248 (54,14%) Candida albicans, 119 (25,98%) Candida sp. e 41 (10,04%) espécies Candida não albicans, 33 (7,21%) Aspergillus fumigatus, dois (0,44%) A. niveus, um (0,22%) A. niger, 3 (0,65%) A. japonicus, dois (0,44%)  A. flavus, duas (0,44%) Paecilomyces variotii, um (0,22%) Rhizomucor sp. e um (0,22%) Rhizopus sp. Conclusões: Candida albicans e Aspergillus fumigatus continuam sendo as espécies mais comumente isoladas nas amostras estudadas, entretanto C. kefyr, C. dubliniensis, C. krusei, A. niveus, A. japonicus, Paecilomyces variotii, Rhizomucor sp. e Rhizopus sp. indicam sua importância como patógenos oportunistas, sendo relatadas pela primeira vez em estudo realizado com pacientes acompanhados neste hospital.  Houve comprovação de doença em cinco pacientes que realizaram cultura de fragmento de tecido pulmonar das quais foram isolados Candida albicans, Paecilomyces variotii, Rhizopus sp. e Aspergillus fumigatus.Palavras-chave:  Fungos oportunistas. Lavado bronco alveolar, Fragmentos de tecido pulmonar.ABSTRACTObjective: To study the incidence of fungi isolated from samples of bronchoalveolar lavage, lung tissue fragments and sputum of patients from Hospital Otavio de Freitas. Materials and methods: Descriptive retrospective observational study with analysis of records of 756 patients who underwent direct examination and cultures of bronchoalveolar lavage, lung tissue fragments and / or sputum in the Medical Mycology Laboratory of Otavio de Freitas Hospital in Recife, from march 2012 to may 2015. Analysis were also done related to the results of serology for Aspergillus which were performed in the same period in the Immunodiagnostic Laboratory Systemic Mycoses of Mycology Department of the Federal University of Pernambuco. Results: We isolated 248 (54,14%) Candida albicans, 119 (25,98%) Candida sp. and 41 (10,04%) Candida non-albicans species, 33 (7,21%) Aspergillus fumigatus, dois (0,44%) A. niveus, um (0,22%) A. niger, 3 (0,65%) A. japonicus, dois (0,44%)  A. flavus, dois (0,44%)  Paecilomyces variotii, um (0,22%) Rhizomucor sp. and um (0,22%) Rhizopus sp. Conclusions: Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus continue to be the species most commonly isolated in the samples studied, however C. kefyr, C. dubliniensis, C. krusei, A. niveus, A. japonicus, Paecilomyces variotii, Rhizomucor sp. and Rhizopus sp. indicate their importance as opportunistic pathogens, being first reported in a study of patients regularly observed in this hospital. There was evidence of disease in five patients who underwent lung tissue fragment of culture from which they were isolated Candida albicans, Paecilomyces variotii, Rhizopus sp. and Aspergillus fumigatus.Keywords:  Opportunistic fungi, Broncoalveolar lavage, Lung tissue fragments.

Palavras-Chave:Mucormicose Cetoacidose Rhizopus Pneumopatias RESUMO O gênero Rhizopus é responsável por várias infecções, dentre elas a pulmonar, a qual acomete até 11% dos casos. O objetivo desse estudo é relatar o isolamento do gênero Rhizopus sp. de fragmento de tecido pulmonar de um paciente com cetoacidose diabéti-ca. Paciente do gênero masculino, 22 anos, queixou-se de dispneia, dor intensa no hemitórax esquerdo e dorso. Foram solicitados: teste rápido para HIV, duas pesquisas para baciloscopia, exame de radiologia do tórax e uma cultura micológica de fragmento de tecido pulmonar. No exame micológico direto, foram observadas várias hifas hialinas largas de paredes finas e cenocíticas, estolões e rizoides, e, em cultura, houve o desenvolvimento de colônia de crescimento rápido em temperatura ambiente, de coloração inicialmente branca. A micromorfologia da cultura revelou a presença de esporangiófo-ros com esporângios contendo esporangiosporos, o que confirma diagnóstico de mucormicose por Rhizopus sp. O paciente foi a óbito devido ao agravamento do quadro clí-nico. Keywords:Mucormycosis Ketoacidosis Rhyzopus Acute lung injury ABSTRACT The Rhyzopus genus is responsible for various infections, including the lung infection, which affects up to 11% of the cases. The aim of this study is to report the isolation of genus Rhyzopus sp. of lung tissue fragment of a patient having diabetic ketoacidosis. Male patient, 22 years of age, complaining of dyspnea, severe pain in the left hemithorax and back. It was requested: a quick test for HIV, two surveys to smear, radiological examination of the chest and a mycological culture of lung tissue fragments. The direct mycological examination revealed several large hyaline hyphae with thin walls and cenocytic walls, stolons and rhizoids. The culture exam has shown the developing of a fast-growing colony at room temperature, initially white. The micromorphology of the culture has shown the presence of sporangiophores with sporangia containing sporangiospores confirming the diagnosis of mucormycosis by Rhyzopus sp. The patient died due to the worsening of clinical condition.CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 2017 RCSFMIt IntroduçãoA mucormicose é uma infecção fúngica rara e grave, descrita pela primeira vez por Paultauf, em 1885, e que surge sobretudo em doentes imunocomprometidos. 1 Os Mucorales, por apresentarem tropismo vascular (aderem ao revestimento das células endoteliais dos vasos), provocam no pulmão invasão vascular com trombose, isquemia, febre, tosse, expectoração amarelada e até mesmo hemoptise. Além disso, ocorrem infartos hemorrágicos, levando a manifestações clínicas, patológicas e radiológicas semelhantes à aspergilose invasiva. 2,3 Doentes com mucormicose pulmonar localizada apresentam elevada taxa de mortalidade (65%-76%); 4,5 em pacientes com a doença disseminada, a mortalidade chega a 96% dos casos. 4 Após a inalação dos esporos presentes no meio ambiente, o fungo atinge preferencialmente os lobos pulmonares superiores e o prognóstico da infecção é reservado. 4 A sepse, a in...