The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of trauma-focused guided Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for relieving posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following childbirth, a problem that about 3% women encounter postpartum. Following inclusion, 56 traumatized women were randomized to either treatment or to a waiting list control group. Primary outcome measures were the Traumatic Event Scale (TES) and Impact of Event Scale-Reversed (IES-R). Secondary measures were Beck depression inventory II, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Beck Anxiety Inventory, Quality Of Life Inventory and the EuroQol 5 Dimensions. The treatment was guided by a clinician and lasted eight weeks and comprised eight modules of written text. The between-group effect size (ES) was d = .82 (p < .0001) for the IES-R. The ES for the TES was small (d = .36) and not statistically significant (p = .09). A small between-group ES (d = .20; p = .02) was found for the PHQ-9. The results from pre- to post-treatment showed large within-group ESs for PTSD symptoms in the treatment group both on the TES (d = 1.42) and the IES-R (d = 1.30), but smaller ESs in the control group from inclusion to after deferred treatment (TES, d = .80; IES-R d = .45). In both groups, the treatment had positive effects on comorbid depression and anxiety, and in the treatment group also on quality of life. The results need to be verified in larger trials. Further studies are also needed to examine long-term effects.

No abstract

No abstract

The responsibility to preserve our natural and cultural heritage is not just a national issue but also, through international agreements, an international commitment. In World Heritage Education (WHE) students are expected to know, to cherish and to act in favour of World Heritage sites and communities. The aim of this quantitative and qualitative study is to investigate teachers’ views of WHE and the Kvarken Archipelago as a learning environment. A total of 105 teachers within Finnish primary and secondary education answered a questionnaire. The results indicate that teachers struggle to meet Unesco´s aims of WHE. The respondents primarily emphasize students´ knowledge of WH sites. A few respondents highlight the skills and experiences needed to reinforce young students´commitment to preserve WH sites, and to help close the gap between school and society. A more distinct connection to PBL and ESD is discussed as one of the pedagogical implications for the development of WHE.