No abstract

Organic sulfur compound of fossil fuel are too resistant to be removed by the conventional desulfurization processes. This study aimed to investigate the best growth conditions of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LSU20 on desulfurized of dibenzothiophene (DBT) compound in the n-tetradecane as model of oil. The experiments were performed with the medium two-phase system, aqueous phase: mineral salt sulfur free (MSSF) medium and the oil phase: n-tetradecane containing 200 ppm of DBT in the ratio of oil/water (1: 5). The culture of LSU20 that has been aged 4 days (OD660 5) of 0.1 ml inoculated in a test tube containing 5 mL of MSSF medium and 1 ml model of petroleum, grown at temperature variations incubation as follows: 33°C, 37°C, 41°C, 45°C, and 49°C; variations in the initial pH of medium: pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, and 8.0; and variations of carbon sources such as glucose, sucrose, glycerol and citric acid. The experiments were conducted using a water bath shaker at 150 rpm for 96 hours of incubation. The results showed that the highest rate of degradation of DBT by LSU20 occurs at a temperature of 37°C, media pH of 7 and glucose as the carbon source, ie with the growth rate reached 0.91 (OD660) and DBT compounds degraded until 76.9% (w/v).

Ikan kakap putih memiliki kadar air yang tinggi. Ikan segar mudah mengalami kerusakan. Sehingga diperlukan pengawetan. Salah satu metode pengawetan, yaitu dengan pengasapan. Pengasapan dengan asap cair lebih praktis. Asap cair mengandung senyawa fenol, karbonil dan asam rganic. Asap cair dapat diperoleh dari pirolisis batang bambu tabah (Gigantochloa nigrociliata Bush-Kurz). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui masa simpan ikan kakap putih olahan yang direndam dengan asap cair bamboo tabah dengan berbagai konsentrasi dan berbagai metode pengemasan disimpan pada suhu ruang. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi asap cair, terdiri dari 0%, 3% dan 6%. Faktor kedua adalah pengemasan, terdiri dari tanpa pengemasan, pengemasan non vakum dan vakum. Setiap perlakuan diulang dua kali. Kombinasi perlakuan terbaik adalah konsentrasi 6% dengan pengemasan vakum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ESS (Extended Storage Studies). Masa simpan ikan kakap putih olahan dengan pengaplikasian asap cair bambu tabah dan dikemas vakum adalah 24 jam, dengan kadar air 62,66%, nilai Ph 6,5, kadar protein 28,30%, nilai TPC 4,8 104 koloni/g, nilai kenampakan 6,73, aroma 6,47, rasa 6,60 dan tekstur 6,47.   White snapper fish has a high moisture content. the fish may turn to damaged therefore need to preserved. One method for preservation by fumigation. the fumigation by liquid smoke most effective. Liquid smoke consist of phenol, carbonyl and organics acids. the liquid smoke comes from stem of tabah bamboo. (Gigantochloa nigrociliata Buse-Kurz). the purpose of this research is to know shelf life of processed white snapper soaked in liquid smoke with various concentrations and packaging where store at room temperature. the used method is complete random planning within two factors. the first factor is the concentration of liquid smoke, consisting og 0%, 3% and 6%. the second factor is packaging, consisting of without packaging, non-vacuum, and vacuum. Each treatment was repeated twice. the best combination of treatment is 6% concentration with vacuum packaging. This research uses the method ESS (Extended Storage Studies). the shelf life white snapper fish processd by application of tabah bamboo liquid smoke in vacuum packed 24 hour, with a moisture content of 62.66%, ph 6,5, protein 28.30%, TPC 4.8 104 colony/g, visibility 6.73, smell 6.47, taste 6.60, and texture 6.47.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa karakteristik briket biomassa dengan variasi geometri dan jenis bahan baku briket biomassa yang berbeda  dan menentukan perlakuan manakah yang menghasilkan briket dengan kualitas yang paling baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan RAK (Rancangan Acak Kelompok) Faktorial menggunakan 2 faktorial dan 3 kali ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah jenis bahan baku (A) yang terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu bambu tabah (A1), sekam padi (A2) dan campuran bambu tabah sekam padi (A3). Faktor kedua yaitu bentuk geometri briket (B) yang terdiri dari dua taraf yaitu balok (B1) dan silinder (B2). Seluruh perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali ulangan sehingga didapatkan 18  data pengamatan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan sidik ragam dan apabila terdapat pengaruh perlakuan yang signifikan, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT terhadap rata-rata perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Interaksi antar perlakuan jenis bahan baku dan  bentuk geometri memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap  parameter mutu briket yang dihasilkan, Perlakuan briket yang dibuat dari sekam padi dengan bentuk silinder (A2B2) merupakan perlakuan yang menghasilkan briket dengan kualitas paling baik dengan nilai kadar air sebesar 2,64% bb, kadar abu sebesar 6,60%,  laju pembakaran sebesar 73,16 (gr/menit) dan volatille matter sebesar 13,86 %. ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the characteristics of biomass briquettes with different geometry variations and types of biomass briquette raw materials and determine which treatment produces the best quality briquettes.This research uses block design (RAK) using 2 factorials and 3 replications.The first factor is the type of raw material (A) which consists of three levels, namely tabah bamboo (A1), rice husk (A2) and a mixture of tabah bamboo rice husk  (A3). The second factor is the geometric shape of the briquette (B) which consists of two levels, namely beams (B1) and cylinders (B2). All treatments were repeated 3 times in order to obtain 18 observational data. The data obtained were analyzed by means of variance and if there was a significant treatment effect, then it was followed by the BNT test on the average treatment.The results showed that the interaction between treatments. Types of raw materials and geometric shapes had a significant effect on the quality parameters of the resulting briquettes.The treatment of briquettes made from rice husks in a cylindrical shape (A2B2) is a treatment that produces the best quality briquettes with a moisture content value of 2.64% bb.ash content was 6.60%, combustion rate was 73.16 (gr / minute) and volatile matter was 13.86%.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk (1) untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi suhu dan ketebalan irisan kunyit terhadap kualitas tepung kunyit yang dihasilkan dan (2) untuk mengetahui perlakuan terbaik yang menghasilkan tepung kunyit dengan kualitas yang baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji bnt (beda nyata terkecil) masing-masing terdiri dari enam perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, yaitu perlakuan menggunakan suhu pengeringan 50oC dan ketebalan 0,5cm, perlakuan menggunakan suhu pengeringan 50oC dan ketebalan 1cm, perlakuan menggunakan suhu pengeringan 50oC dan ketebalan 1,5cm, perlakuan menggunakan suhu pengeringan 60oC dan ketebalan 0,5cm, perlakuan menggunakan suhu pengeringan 60oC dan ketebalan 1cm, perlakuan menggunakan suhu pengeringan 60oC dan ketebalan 1,5cm. Data pengaruh suhu dan ketebalan irisan kunyit yang diperoleh diolah menggunakan program komputer Microsoft Excel dan dilanjutkan menggunakan Analisis of Variance (ANOVA). Parameter yang diamati yaitu kadar air, sudut curah, indeks keseragaman, rendemen butiran, kerapatan curah, warna. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan perlakuan ketebalan irisan kunyit 0,5 cm menghasilkan kadar air 11,5% dan suhu pengeringan 60oC menghasilkan kadar air sebesar 10,5%Bb. Nilai sudut curah terkecil dihasilkan pada ketebalan irisan kunyit 0,5 cm yaitu sebesar 36,2o dan suhu pengeringan 60oC menghasilkan sudut curah sebesar 36,2o. Nilai kerapatan curah pada perlakuan ketebalan 1 cm dan suhu pengeringan 60oC yaitu sebesar 484kg/m3. Rendemen butiran tertinggi dihasilkan pada perlakuan ketebalan irisan kunyit 1 cm dan suhu pengeringan 60oC (T2S2) yaitu sebesar 25,3%.   The purposes of this research  were (1) to determine the effect of variations in temperature and thickness of turmeric slices on the quality of turmeric flour produced and to determine the best treatment that produces turmeric flour with good quality. This study uses the bnt test (the smallest significant difference) each consisting of six treatments and three replications, namely treatment using a drying temperature of 50oC and a thickness of 0,5cm, drying temperature of 50oC and thickness of 1cm, drying temperature of 50oC and a thickness of 1,5cm, treatment using a drying temperature of 60oC and a thickness of 0,5cm, treatment using a drying temperature of 60oC and a thickness of 1cm, treatment using a drying temperature of 60oC and a thickness of 1,5cm. Data on the influence of temperature and thickness of turmeric slices obtained were processed using a Microsoft Excel computer program and continued using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The parameters observed were water content, bulk angle, uniformity index, grain yield, bulk density, color. The results showed that the treatment of turmeric sliced ??thickness of 1 cm produced a water content of 12,5%Wb and a drying temperature of 60oC produced a moisture content of 10.5%Wb. The smallest bulk angle value produced at the thickness of turmeric slices 0,5 cm  is equal to 36.2o and the drying temperature of 60oC produces a bulk angle of 36.2o. The value of bulk density in the treatment of 1 cm thickness and 60oC drying temperature is 484 kg/m3. The highest yield of flour was produced in the treatment of 1 cm turmeric slice thickness and a drying temperature of 60oC , which was 25.3%.