Background: Success rate of Indonesia Tuberculosis (TB) treatment did not evenly distribute to every province in 2016, although various program had been carried out by Indonesia Government. Bali’s Case Notification Rate (CNR) and Success Rate (SR) of TB also did not reach target in 2017. Successful control of TB can be influenced by community’s level of knowledge and perception about TB. Our research objective was to know communities level of knowledge and perception about TB in Denpasar, Bali. Method: This was cross-sectional research. Our sample was Denpasar communities who visited Puputan Renon Field Car Free Day (CFD) at 25 March 2018. Sample was chosen by consecutive sampling. Results: Our research result was almost (62%) of respondent had poor knowledge about TB and 67% respondent had right perception about TB. Conclusion: We can conclude that Denpasar communities had poor level of knowledge and good perception about TB.
Latar belakang dan tujuan: Kekambuhan pasien tuberculosis paru (TB) adalah salah satu masalah dalam program penanggulangan TB. Kekambuhan pasien TB paru di Kota Denpasar tahun 2014 dilaporkan masih cukup tinggi yaitu 3,5% dari 1082 pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kekambuhan pasien TB di Kota Denpasar.Metode: Rancangan penelitian adalah kasus kontrol dengan 46 penderita TB paru kambuh yang berusia di atas 15 tahun sebagai kasus dan 92 penderita TB paru yang sembuh sebagai kontrol. Responden dipilih secara acak sistematik dari register TB 03 tahun 2013-2015 di 11 puskesmas Kota Denpasar. Data dikumpulkan dengan penelusuran dokumen, observasi, pengukuran dan wawancara di rumah responden. Data dianalisis secara bivariat (uji chi square) dan multivariat dengan regresi logistik.Hasil: Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko kekambuhan TB adalah adanya penyakit penyerta DM (AOR=9,6; 95%CI: 2,17-43,08), ketidakpatuhan minum obat (AOR=7,6; 95%CI: 2,85-20,17), merokok/terpajan asap rokok saat pengobatan (AOR=3,6; 95%CI: 1,41-9,16), ventilasi rumah <10% (AOR=3,4; 95%CI: 1,27-9,47), kontak serumah dengan penderita TB (AOR=3,1; (95%CI: 1,31-7,46) dan status gizi kurang (AOR=2,8; 95%CI: 1,02-7,72).Simpulan: Faktor risiko kekambuhan pasien TB paru adalah adanya penyakit penyerta DM, ketidakpatuhan minum obat, merokok/terpajan asap rokok saat pengobatan, ventilasi rumah <10%, ada kontak serumah dengan penderita TB dan status gizi kurang.
BACKGROUND: Today, coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 has become a worldwide pandemic. People living with HIV are one of the special populations who are susceptible to COVID-19 infection and suspected of having a poor prognosis. CASE REPORT: We reported two serial cases of COVID-19 with HIV coinfection. First case was a COVID-19 patient coinfected with HIV who had received anti-retroviral therapy (ARV) and had an absolute CD4 cell count of 781 cells/uL. Patient was found with mild symptoms of COVID-19 and had normal laboratory results and chest X-ray. Patient was declared cured after 26 days of treatment in isolation room with complete clinical improvement since day 5 of isolation. Second case was a COVID-19 with HIV coinfection that had not yet received ARV therapy and had absolute CD4 cell count of 155 Cell/uL. Patient came with moderate clinical symptom of COVID-19 and experienced secondary bacterial and tuberculosis infection. Patient was declared cured of COVID-19 on the 8th day of treatment with clinical improvement but still needed further treatment in a non-isolation room. CONCLUSION: Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in HIV and non-HIV patients are the same. A history of ARV therapy and CD4 count did not affect the length of isolation until a negative result on two reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reactions, but could affect prognosis and clinical severity due to the high risk of secondary infection in HIV-positive patients without ARV or HIV/AIDS who had a CD4 count ≤200 cell/uL.
Among skateboarders frequently faced with recurrent injury especially on ankle region. They seldom take attention to their injury and if the condition left untreated, it will turn into chronic ankle instability. This condition will disturb dynamic balance while playing skateboard. The purpose of this research is to find if dumbbell lunges intervention and core stability exercise are more effective than elastic band and core stability exercise for the improvement of dynamic balance. This experimental research using pre and post test two group design. Sample was taken with simple random sampling. Total of 24 samples were divided into 2 groups, each group contain 12 samples. Group I had dumbbell lunges intervention and core stability exercise while Group II had elastic band intervention and core stability exercise. The exercise was done 3 times per week for 6 weeks. Data was taken with measurement dynamic balance using modified bass test of dynamic balance before and after exercise to each group. The mean difference test increasement of dynamic balance with paired sample t-test results p value 0.001 (p<0.05) within treatment Group I and p value 0.001 (p<0.05) within treatment Group II. which mean there is significantly difference of increasing value dynamic balance before and after intervention within both group. Difference test before intervention in treatment Group I and Group II with independent t-test result p value 0.818 (p>0.05) in which there is no significant difference between groups before intervention. and difference test after intervention in treatment Group I and Group II with independent t-test shows significant difference with p value 0.001 (p<0.05). This study shows that dumbbell lunges intervention and core stability exercise result in better improvement of dynamic balance than elastic band intervention and core stability exercise among skateboarders.
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