Blood cockle (Anadara granosa) is one of the marine biotas that can be used as a bioindicator of the pollution level of sea water. The nature of blood cockle stays in one place because of their slow movement and they are non-selective filter feeders which filter water in order to get food. The use of activated charcoal during soaking is to keep the food safety from blood cockle contaminated with heavy metals. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectivity test of soaking duration on blood cockle (Anadara granosa) and activated charcoal toward reducing metals lead (Pb). This study employed Randomized Complete Design (RCD) using three different soaking periods such as 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 90 minutes. The samples were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission (ICPE). The parametric data was analyzed with One Way Anova test. The result of the study showed that the soaking duration among 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 90 minutes in activated charcoal showed significantly different (P< 0.05) toward the levels of lead.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving Averrhoa bilimbi leaf extract on sperm quality of diabetic mice. This research is a pure experimental (true experimental) with a post-test-only control group design approach. This research was conducted by giving Averrhoa bilimbi leaf extract as a treatment for 42 days in male mice. Sperm quality parameters observed included viability, abnormalities, motility in sperm. In all variables, the results of the data showing a normal distribution with a p-value > 0.05 were then carried out with a parametric test using one-way ANOVA. Averrhoa bilimbi leaf extract can increase the number of spermatogenic cells in male mice with hyperglycemia.

This study aims to determine the increase in the quality of spermatozoa and testosterone after giving L-carnitine to white rats (Rattus norvegicus). This study was conducted by giving L-carnitine as a treatment for 42 days in white rats with a dose variation of 100 mg/kg bw, 150 mg/kg bw, and 200 mg/kg bw and user controls as a comparison. The variables observed in this study were the quality of spermatozoa, namely: morphology, motility, viability, membrane integrity, and seeing the levels of the hormone testosterone. The research data were processed using a computer statistical program (SPSS 22.0 for Windows) using the One Way Anova test. The results showed that giving high doses of L-carnitine supplements for a long time could cause decreased spermatozoa quality, namely: morphology, motility, viability, membrane integrity and decreased levels of the hormone testosterone.

This study aims to determine the antihyperglycemic potential of Gotu kola leaf extract (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban as an alternative herbal drink in diabetic male white mice. This study was divided into four stages: extracting Gotu kola leaves using 96% ethanol as solvent, phytochemical screening, and testing antihyperglycemic activity. Male white mice were made diabetic by alloxan-induced. Mice were divided into five groups consisting of negative control (Aquadest), positive control (Glibenclamide 13 mg/Kg BW), dose 1 (200 mg Gotu kola extract/kg BW), dose 2 (400 mg Gotu kola extract/kg BW), dose 2 (400 mg Gotu kola extract/kg BW), 3 (600 mg Gotu kola extract/kg BW). The results of phytochemical screening showed that the Gotu kola leaf extract was positive for flavonoids and tannins. The analysis results on the Gotu kola leaf extract showed an IC50 value of 80.58 ppm, including strong antioxidant activity. The results of the antihyperglycemic activity test showed that diabetic male white mice were found to have decreased blood sugar levels on days 14 and 21 by respectively 24.3% and 41.6%; 25.4% and 42.3%; 37.8% and 55.3% after administration of Gotu kola leaf extract at P1, P2, and P3.

Pendahuluan: Analgesik merupakan salah satu obat yang paling banyak digunakan secara swamedikasi oleh pasien lansia. Keluhan yang mendorong pasien lansia menggunakan anlgesik secara swamedikasi adalah nyeri sendi. Mengingat pentingnya swamedikasi analgesik yang tepat pada nyeri sendi yang dialami oleh lansia, maka penelitian ini dilakukan sebagai penelitian pendahuluan untuk memperoleh profil penggunaan analgesik dan gambaran pasien lansia yang melakukan swamedikasi anlagesik pada nyeri sendi. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan di salah satu apotek swasta di Denpasar yang memiliki pelayanan khusus konsultasi, informasi dan edukasi obat bagi lansia selama bulan April-Juni 2018. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional yang menggunakan lembar observasi untuk pengumpulan data. Penelitian ini melibatkan 87 sampel penelitian yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nyeri sendi lebih sering terjadi pada pasien lansia yang berjenis kelamin laki-laki yaitu sebesar 63,2% dengan rata-rata frekuensi swamedikasi 13,31 kali per bulan. Pasien lansia yang tidak sekolah sebesar 35,5% melakukan swamedikasi analgesik dengan rata-rata frekuensi swamedikasi 15,87 kali per bulan Pasien lansia yang tinggal sendiri melakukan swamedikasi analgesik pada nyeri sendi sebesar 56,35% dengan rata-rata frekuensi swamedikasi 12,76 kali per bulan. Golongan analgesik yang digunakan adalah analgesik kombinasi non-steroid antiinflammantory drugs (NSAID) dan non-NSAID (58%) dengan jenis NSAID terbanyak yaitu natrium diklofenak (28,7%) dan non-NSAID terbanyak yaitu dexamethasone (31%) untuk mengatasi nyeri pada asam urat (72,4%). Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini memberikan gambaran swamedikasi analgesik pada lansia dengan nyeri sendi tanpa melihat dan menganalisa kekuatan hubungan yang mempengaruhi setiap parameter.