As an effective counterattack strategy against predacious hornets, especially Vespa simillima xanthoptera, workers of Apis ceranajaponica showed a distinct balling reaction, usually involving 180-300 bees. This produced heat for as long as 20 min, giving rise to temperatures inside the ball higher than 46 ~ which is lethal to the hornet but not to the bees.Summary, The plant amino acid canavanine and its hydrolytic product canaline were successfully separated and identified by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (RP-HPLC). This procedure was used to demonstrate the arginasemediated cleavage of canavanine to yield canaline and urea, and the subsequent formation of a Schifl's base complex between canaline and pyridoxal phosphate. Both aforementioned reactions were demonstrated by RP-HPLC.
Methods for artificially rearing aphidophagous coccinellids have been assiduollsly developed because of their important role in plant protection. Coccinellids are difficult to rear economically on natural foods, i,e., living aphids: thus. frozen aphids (Haug 1938) or dry foods (Smith 19651 were provided to some coccinellids. Smirnoff (1958) reared several species of coccinellids with semi-artificial food including some honey bee products as key substances. Okada (1970) found that larvae of drone honey bees, A (lis melli/era L., provided sutllcient nutrients for rearing H(//,molli(/ (/xyridis Pallas (Fig. 1). The rearing procedure W
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