Background: The basis for bladder cancer development and progression is complex and involves genetic abnormalities. These abnormalities yield phenotypic changes that allow normal transitional cells to becomeity of these new cases, approximately 75%, are limited to the mucosa (stage Ta or Tis) and lamina propria (T1) at presentation, and most of these tumors can be removed by transurethral resection. Recurrence rates are high (30% to 85%), and 10% to 30% of "superficial" tumors (T1 or less) will subsequently progress to muscle invasive disease (stages T2-T4), which has a poorer prognosis. 2 For the remaining 25%, the initial presentation involves muscle invasive disease that will usually relapse with metastases (as well as localized disease persistence) within a median of 2 years if managed only by transurethral resection and intravesical therapy. 3 These data support the heterogeneous nature and malignant potential of transitional cell carcinoma
Chromosome 9 monosomy by FISH was predictive of bladder tumor recurrence. Furthermore, our findings support the hypothesis that losses of tumor suppressor genes on chromosome 9 are critical, perhaps initiating genetic events in bladder cancer.
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