<span>Tropospheric scintillation in satellite communication systems operating at frequencies over 10 GHz is a significant impairment, especially in tropical regions, as attenuation affects scintillation dramatically. This work concentrates on tropospheric scintillation in equatorial Johor Bahru, Malaysia, based on a one-year Ku-band propagation measurement study utilising a direct broadcast receiver and an automatic weather station. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between wet scintillation and rain attenuation using experimental measurements. The power spectral analysis has been carried out to determine required cut-off frequency of filtering to separate out rain attenuation and scintillation effects. The results can provide significant information on the fluctuations of wet scintillation at Ku-band earth space link in tropical regions.</span>
Tropospheric scintillation is referred to rapid fluctuation of received signal amplitude. It can cause propagation impairments that affect satellite communication systems operating at above 10 GHz of frequency. In this work, we have exploited 1 year of measured broadcasting signal data collected in Johor, Malaysia to investigate the effects of scintillation intensity on a SatCom system operating at 11.075 GHz with its links pointed towards the MEASAT-1 satellite (an elevation angle of 75.61°). We have investigated the behavior of this scintillation amplitude through the classification and analysis of a time-series satellite broadcasting signal and have then compared the statistical results with existing scintillation prediction models. The comparison results indicate that there is a significant discrepancy between measured data and those models and that the performance of these prediction models does not appear to be satisfactory, with the exception of the ITU-R and the Ortgies Refractivity model. In addition, we have investigated the diurnal behavior of the scintillation intensity at four different periods of the day and proposed a modified Marzano model to accommodate local meteorological input parameters. The models performances are assessed against the available measurement dataset. The proposed models provide system operators and radio communication engineers with critical information on the fluctuations of tropospheric scintillation variance on the satellite signal during a typical day taken into the account of local meteorological peculiarities.
Tropospheric scintillation can become a significant impairment in satellite communication systems, especially in tropical regions with frequencies higher than 10 GHz, the attenuation is dramatically affecting the scintillation. This work concentrates on those aspects in equatorial Johor Bahru, Malaysia, based on a one-year Ku-band propagation measurement campaign, utilizing the equipment of Direct Broadcast Receiver (DBR) and Automatic Weather Station (AWS). This study investigates the relationship between wet scintillation and rain attenuation using experimental measurement and concentrate on the probability density function (PDF) of different scintillation parameters. From the results, it is concluded that wet scintillation intensity increases with rain attenuation. Thus, the relationship can be phrased by linear equations or power-law. The PDFs of wet scintillation intensity, adapted to a given rain attenuation level, are found lognormally distributed, leading to selection of method for determining the relation between conditional PDFs and rain attenuation.
Tropospheric scintillation is a rapid fluctuation of the received signal amplitude which can cause propagation impairments that affect satellite communication systems operating above 10 GHz. Scintillation data was collected in Equatorial Johor Bahru, Malaysia, based on a one-year Ku-band propagation measurement campaign, utilizing MEASAT-1 Satellite with an antenna elevation angle of 75.61°. This work concentrates on the probability density function (PDF) of diurnal variations of clear sky scintillation variance analyzed on an hourly basis. Besides, seasonal variation of scintillation amplitude has been presented in this paper. From the results, it is concluded that clear sky scintillation variance is likely to occur during morning and afternoon periods. Moreover, clear sky scintillation amplitude of the South-West monsoon shows a relatively higher comparing with others monsoon seasons. Hence, signal attenuation based on seasonal and diurnal information is of great interest for the system designers to appropriately design fade margin.Tropospheric scintillation is a rapid fluctuation of the received signal amplitude which can cause propagation impairments that affect satellite communication systems operating above 10 GHz. Scintillation data was collected in Equatorial Johor Bahru, Malaysia, based on a one-year Ku-band propagation measurement campaign, utilizing MEASAT-1 Satellite with an antenna elevation angle of 75.61°. This work concentrates on the probability density function (PDF) of diurnal variations of clear sky scintillation variance analyzed on an hourly basis. Besides, seasonal variation of scintillation amplitude has been presented in this paper. From the results, it is concluded that clear sky scintillation variance is likely to occur during morning and afternoon periods. Moreover, clear sky scintillation amplitude of the South-West monsoon shows a relatively higher comparing with others monsoon seasons. Hence, signal attenuation based on seasonal and diurnal information is of great interest for the system designers to appropriately design fade margin.
Abstract-This paper presents a methodical approach, suggestions and information to design 400 kV transmission lines, check which types of towers, conductors and insulators are suitable to use based on wind velocity. as well as calculate the effect of wind on L12 tower top geometrics, and keep the probability of flashover very low. In this project, weather and climate are considered in the design of overhead lines. The purpose of this paper is to determine the clearances necessary for a 400 kV line to withstand high wind velocity, and ensure that conductors have to maintain the clearances under lightning, switching and TOV (temporary over voltage). Excel and Visio are used to analyse the results and plot them, in order to find the swing angle of movement of the insulator and conductor, and the minimum clearances produced under certain wind speed. Finally, the return period per year and the probability of conductor infringes the clearances per year are calculated.Index Terms-400kV overhead power line, wind impact on L12 tower, design top geometries.
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