Nowadays, with the advantages of nanotechnology and solar radiation, the research of Solar Water Pump (SWP) production has become a trend. In this article, Prandtl–Eyring hybrid nanofluid (P-EHNF) is chosen as a working fluid in the SWP model for the production of SWP in a parabolic trough surface collector (PTSC) is investigated for the case of numerous viscous dissipation, heat radiations, heat source, and the entropy generation analysis. By using a well-established numerical scheme the group of equations in terms of energy and momentum have been handled that is called the Keller-box method. The velocity, temperature, and shear stress are briefly explained and displayed in tables and figures. Nusselt number and surface drag coefficient are also being taken into reflection for illustrating the numerical results. The first finding is the improvement in SWP production is generated by amplification in thermal radiation and thermal conductivity variables. A single nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid is very crucial to provide us the efficient heat energy sources. Further, the thermal efficiency of MoS2–Cu/EO than Cu–EO is between 3.3 and 4.4% The second finding is the addition of entropy is due to the increasing level of radiative flow, nanoparticles size, and Prandtl–Eyring variable.

MHD nanoliquid convective flow in an odd-shaped cavity filled with a multi-walled carbon nanotube-iron (II, III) oxide (MWCNT-Fe3O4) hybrid nanofluid is reported. The side walls are adiabatic, and the internal and external borders of the cavity are isothermally kept at high and low temperatures of Th and Tc, respectively. The governing equations obtained with the Boussinesq approximation are solved using Galerkin Finite Element Method (GFEM). Impact of Darcy number (Da), Hartmann number (Ha), Rayleigh number (Ra), solid volume fraction (ϕ), and Heated-wall length effect are presented. Outputs are illustrated in forms of streamlines, isotherms, and Nusselt number. The impact of multiple parameters namely Rayleigh number, Darcy number, on entropy generation rate was analyzed and discussed in post-processing under laminar and turbulent flow regimes.

This work aims to determine how the temperature gradient orientation affects the heat exchange between two superposed fluid layers separated by zero wall thickness. The finite volume method (FVM) has been developed to solve the governing equations of both fluid layers. To achieve the coupling between the two layers, the heat flow continuity with the no-slip condition at the interface was adopted. The lower part of the space is filled with a nanofluid while the upper part is filled with a pure fluid layer. We have explored two cases of temperature gradient orientation: parallel gradient to gravity forces of our system and perpendicular gradient to gravity forces. We took a set of parameters, Ri and ϕ, to see their influence on the thermal and hydrodynamic fields as well as the heat exchange rate between the two layers. The main applications of this study related to biological systems such as the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm are phase-separated solutions, which can be useful as models for membranelles organelles and can serve as a cooling system application using heat exchange. The Richardson number and the volume of nanosolid particles have a big impact on the rate of change of heat transmission. When a thermal gradient is perpendicular to gravity forces, total heat transmission improves with increasing solid volume percentage, but when the thermal gradient is parallel to gravity forces, overall heat transfer decreases significantly.

Via casting method, Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) blend matrix (80/20 wt %) based with fullerene (C60) (i.e., (PVA–PEG)/C60) polymeric nanocomposite (PNC) films have been prepared for optoelectronic devices. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis have been used to examine the structural behavior of these PNC films. The absorption coefficient derived from Beer-Lambert’s equation was used to determine energy bandgap (Eg ), Urbach energy (Eu ) values. The nanocomposite films bandgap was lowered to 4.05 eV for indirect transition and 4.98 eV for direct transition. Because of surface plasmon absorption, the extinction index (k) rises with a doping concentration in nanocomposite films. The connections between bandgap and refractive index (nav ) were investigated using several empirical formulas to arrive at an average value for n. The nonlinear susceptibility χ(3) increased from 1.23x10-12 esu to 1.82x10-12 esu and from 7.099x10-13esu to 8.87x10-13 for indirect and direct transition, respectively. The nonlinear refractive index (n2 ) increased from 2.146x10-11 esu to 3.062x10-11 esu and from 1.306x10-11esu to 1.59x10-11 esu for indirect and direct transition, respectively. The nanocomposites optical limiting performance and laser beam absorption capability were examined. Doping PVA–PEG with C60 in these nanocomposites at room temperature has been studied for its impact on complex dielectric permittivity, electric modulus characteristics, and AC electrical conductivity. The dielectric properties reduced with increasing frequency and raised with rising temperature and discussed as evidence of interfacial polarization. AC conductivity levels that varied with temperature followed Arrhenius’s law. According to our findings, the newly developed polymeric nanocomposite films are well-suited for use in electrical and optoelectronic devices.

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Apart from the Buongiorno model, no effort was ably accomplished in the literature to investigate the effect of nanomaterials on the Oldroyd-B fluid model caused by an extendable sheet. This article introduces an innovative idea regarding the enforcement of the Tiwari and Das fluid model on the Oldroyd-B fluid (OBF) model by considering engine oil as a conventional base fluid. Tiwari and Das’s model takes into account the volume fraction of nanoparticles for heat transport enhancement compared to the Buongiorno model that depends significantly on thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion impacts for heat transport analysis. In this paper, the thermal characteristics of an Oldroyd-B nanofluid are reported. Firstly, the transformation technique is applied on partial differential equations from boundary-layer formulas to produce nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Subsequently, the Keller-box numerical system is utilized to obtain final numerical solutions. Copper engine oil (Cu–EO) and molybdenum disulfide engine oil (MoS2–EO) nanofluids are considered. From the whole numerical findings and under the same condition, the thermodynamic performance of MoS2–EO nanofluid is higher than that of Cu–EO nanofluid. The thermal efficiency of Cu–EO over MoS2–EO is observed between 1.9% and 43%. In addition, the role of the porous media parameter is to reduce the heat transport rate and to enhance the velocity variation. Finally, the impact of the numbers of Reynolds and Brinkman is to increase the entropy.

The main objective of the present study is to explore the effects of electromagnetohydrodynamics electroosmotic flow of hybrid nanofluid through circular cylindrical microchannels. An analysis of hybrid nanofluid consisting of four different nanomaterials i.e., single and multiwall carbon nanotubes, silver, and copper is carried out. Yamada–Ota model is employed for the single and multi wall carbon nanotubes, whereas, Xue model is used for the Silver and Copper hybrid nanofluid for specifying the thermal conductivity. The imposed pressure gradient, electromagnetic field and electroosmosis actuated the fluid flow. The flow of heat transfer and Nusselt number with the account of various effects of Joule heating and viscous dissipation under the circumstances of constant heat flux are discussed graphically. The governing system of equations is molded into a system of coupled, nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The shooting technique is used to extract the numerical solutions of the converted system of equations. Also, the outturn of different parameters like Hartman number, the strength of lateral direction electric field, EDL (electric double layer) electrokinetic width, Joule heating parameters on the temperature, and velocity are investigated. The conversion of simple fluid to hybrid nanofluid has greatly alteration in the present model. It has enhanced the thermal properties of fluid. It is also noted that $$SWCNT-MWCNT$$ S W C N T - M W C N T based hybrid nanofluid has most influential impact on Nusselt number, temperature distribution and velocity of the fluid. This attempt is useful for the designing of effectual electromagnetic appliances and exquisite.