MHD darcy-forchheimer nanofluid flow and entropy optimization in an odd-shaped enclosure filled with a (MWCNT-Fe3O4/water) using galerkin finite element analysis

Abstract

MHD nanoliquid convective flow in an odd-shaped cavity filled with a multi-walled carbon nanotube-iron (II, III) oxide (MWCNT-Fe3O4) hybrid nanofluid is reported. The side walls are adiabatic, and the internal and external borders of the cavity are isothermally kept at high and low temperatures of Th and Tc, respectively. The governing equations obtained with the Boussinesq approximation are solved using Galerkin Finite Element Method (GFEM). Impact of Darcy number (Da), Hartmann number (Ha), Rayleigh number (Ra), solid volume fraction (ϕ), and Heated-wall length effect are presented. Outputs are illustrated in forms of streamlines, isotherms, and Nusselt number. The impact of multiple parameters namely Rayleigh number, Darcy number, on entropy generation rate was analyzed and discussed in post-processing under laminar and turbulent flow regimes.

Darcy-Forchheimer Flow of Water Conveying Multi-Walled Carbon Nanoparticles through a Vertical Cleveland Z-Staggered Cavity Subject to Entropy Generation

“…The observation above suggests that the velocity of incompressible Darcy-Forchheimer flow of MWCNT-water nanofluid at the middle of a vertical Cleveland Z-staggered cavity declines with a higher Reynold number due to the enhancement of the associated inertial force. As the magnitude of Reynold number increases, Al kouz et al [ 24 ] once discovered that the inadequacy of coarse meshes gradually becomes apparent. The results in Figure 4 show that the greater the Hartmann number, the more the velocity at the cavity’s center is slowed.…”

“…The resulting solutions of each equation yields the approximate solution of . The unknown functions that satisfy governing Equations (1)–(4) are subject to and associated with conditions Equations (8)–(11) and were obtained using the Galerkin-weighted residual finite element technique suggested by Bendrer et al [ 23 ] and Al-Kouz et al [ 24 ]. Numerous grids were evaluated.…”

Numerical Simulations of Magnetohydrodynamics Natural Convection and Entropy Production in a Porous Annulus Bounded by Wavy Cylinder and Koch Snowflake Loaded with Cu–Water Nanofluid

“…They are used in a variety of heat and mass transfer technologies. Numerous researchers have examined the impact of geometric characteristics of the annulus, the thermophysical properties of the working fluid, such as nanofluids, and internal or external factors on free convective flow and heat transfer rate in numerous computational and experimental studies [9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Entropy Generation in 2D Lid-Driven Porous Container with the Presence of Obstacles of Different Shapes and under the Influences of Buoyancy and Lorentz Forces

“…A lid-driven cavity is a technical term for a completely enclosed chamber containing a fluid in which one of its walls undergoes horizontal motion [7][8][9][10]. Several studies have been carried out on this subject for the purpose of presenting the elements that contribute to raising the heat transfer between the internally retained fluid and the chamber walls [11][12][13][14][15]. In general, it is understood that thermal transfer is related to two main issues, namely, the fluid's thermal proprieties and the chamber's geometrical shape.…”