Mean sea level is a significant phenomenon in geodetic science and oceanography. The sea level has experienced an unprecedented rise recently, and this increase can be attributed to the various human-induced activities (anthropogenic factors) ranging from deforestation to burning of fossil fuels and population increase. Several factors cause sea level rise, it has been identified that the thermal expansion of ocean water and the melting of glaciers add to the volume of water causing global sea level to rise, whereas phenomena such as ocean current, wind, pressure are responsible for the regional sea-level rise. This paper identifies climate change and global warming as the drivers of some factors causing the sea level to rise. The effect of sea-level rise has resulted in a loss of agricultural lands, destruction of transportation infrastructures, loss of lands in coastal zones and migration, and the death of some aquatic animals due to saltwater intrusion. In this paper, we reviewed several literatures published between 2017 and 2021 on -level rise and the cascading impacts of sea-level rise in various world areas. The papers reviewed borders on the mean sea level rise from different geographical areas on Earth and the monitoring of sea-level rise using different techniques. Some recommendations were also proposed for consideration.

Flood is a common disaster affecting the lives and properties of humans. It has a history of causing great damage to infrastructure; disrupt transportation, also, a greater degree of flooding can lead to caving in of the earth causing landslides. Oftentimes, Lagos state, the economic capital of Nigeria has been subjected to flooding owing to heavy rainfall coupled with other causative factors. This study aims to prepare a flood susceptibility map of Lagos state using the frequency ratio model and Geographic Information System (GIS). In this paper, we have considered ten salient contributing factors to flooding, they are; slope, curvature, drainage proximity, drainage density, soil type, average annual rainfall, topographic wetness index, land use & land cover, normalized difference vegetation index, and elevation to delineate the area susceptible to flooding. The flood inventory map was prepared from 100 flood points identified from news reports, and Google Earth Imagery and was further divided into 70 for training and 30 for testing the model. The result shows that 12.54% and 11.62% of the total area of Lagos state have very high and very low levels of flood susceptibility, respectively. The Area Under the Curve has been used to validate the model and was found to perform satisfactorily with a success rate of 64% and a prediction rate of 61%. This work is a necessary input for mitigating flood hazards in the state and will serve a good purpose in making decisions for city planners and the government.

As the world is drifting into globalization with attendant competition coupled with rise in income of consumers, providers of goods and services are becoming extremely conscious of what goods and services they produce or render tomeet and satisfy the ever sophisticated and differentiated consumer's needs. The study examined the determinants of consumers' preference for value added groundnut in Esan West Local Government Area of Edo State. The objectives were to determine the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents examine the determinants of consumers' preference for value added groundnut and identify the different form of value addition in groundnut marketing. Multistage sampling technique was employed in data collection, a total of 76 respondents were selected. Descriptive statistics involving tables, frequency, percentage and mean were used for analysis of the data collected. The result indicates that that majority of the respondents were female (69.7%), between the age of 20-29 years old, had formal education (98.7%) with household size of less than5 members (48.7%). Fried and bottled groundnut (mean=3.28), fried and peeled groundnut (mean=2.92) and boiled groundnut (mean=2.83) were frequently consumed by the respondents. Important factors influence groundnut preferred were taste (mean=2.91), ability to store for long (mean=2.53), price (mean=2.30) and quality (mean=2.24). The major constraints associated with consumers' preference for value added groundnut were found to be; inadequate capital, lack of storage facilities, and health issues. It was recommended that modern storage facilities be provided for groundnut marketers and groundnut should be fortified with vitamins to encourage increased patronage.