To develop the fermentation quality and chemical composition of alfalfa (Medicago sativa Lam.) silage, plants were inoculated with different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains at field 24 hours before harvest. Methods: The treatment groups were as follow: silage without additive as a control and ino culated with each strains of Lactobacillus brevis (LS5522), Leuconostoc citerum (L. citerum; L7061), Lactobacillus bifermentans (L. bifermentans; LS6521), Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum; LS33) and L. plantarum (LS722). All the silages were stored at 25°C. Para meters such as pH, microorganism and volatile fatty acid contents, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, net gas, metabolizable energy, organic matter digestibility, dry matter intake and relative feed value were measured to determine fermentation quality, chemical compositions and relative feed value of alfalfa silages. Results: Significant differences were found among the control and treated groups in terms of pH and microorganism contents at all opening times and crude protein, net gas, metabol izable energy and organic matter digestibility of final silage. The pH values ranged from 4.70 to 5.52 for all treatments and control silage had the highest value of overall treatments at T 75 d silages. Volatile fatty acid of silages was not influenced significantly by inoculations. However, lactic acid content of L. bifermentans (LS6521) was higher than the other treat ments. The highest metabolizable energy and organic matter digestibility were recorded from L. citerum (L7061) inoculation. In addition, no significant differences were found among treatments in terms of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, dry matter intake and relative feed value. Conclusion: Among the treated LAB isolates, L. bifermentans came into prominence especi ally in terms of organic acid composition and quality characters of silages.
Title of the manuscript: Effects of different nitrogen doses and cultivars on fermentation quality and nutritive value of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silages ABSTRACT Objective: The fermentation profile and silage quality of 3 Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) (Devis, Hellen and Trinova) cultivars (cvs. Devis, Hellen and Trinova) treated with 5 nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha -1 ) were evaluated. Methods: The experiment was laid out in split plot in randomized completed block design with three replications. Annual ryegrass cultivars used in this study were have been commonly grown in Turkey. Nitrogen doses were set inas main plot and nitrogen doses in split plot in the field. while Annual ryegrass as split plot in the field experiments. Plants were harvested atin full-flowering stage with DM content about 220 g kg -1 for first cutting and 260 g kg -1 for second cutting. Samples Harvested plants were chopped theoretically into 2-3 cm lengths for ensiling. Chopped fresh materials were ensilaged by compressing in 2 L plastic jars about 3±0.1 kg.Results: Effects of N doses on dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, dry matter digestibility, relative feed value, crude protein, pH, ammonia nitrogen, lactic acid, acetic acid and lactic acid/acetic acid were statistically significant while water soluble carbohydrate, ash and organic matter were not statistically different. Ammonia nitrogen, crude protein, ash, organic matter, lactic acid and lactic acid/acetic acid were affected by cultivars but the other parameters were not. Increasing nitrogen applications positively affected the chemical composition of annual ryegrass silage. consequently silage quality. A c c e p t e d A r t i c l eEspecially the significant increase in protein content was remarkable, however, silage fermentation properties were adversely affected by the increasing nitrogen dose. Conclusion:150 kg ha -1 nitrogen dose can be recommended for annual ryegrass harvested atin full blooming stage. Even though the silage fermentation properties of the used cultivars were similar, cv. Devis gave better results than the others in terms of silage pH and relative feed value.
This study was carried out to determine the effect of different organic fertilizer sources on forage yield and quality of some vetch species grown for organic roughage production. Methods and Results: In experiment, three different vetch species (common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth)) and three different organic fertilizers (zeolite, leonardite and cattle manure) were used as factors of the study. In addition, in order to compare the effects of organic fertilizer applications, control treatment without fertilization was used. The research was laid out in split-plot randomized complete block design with three replications. To determine the forage yield and quality of vetch species under organic fertilizer treatments, plant height (PH), fresh forage yield (FFY), dry forage yield (DFY), crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) and relative feed value (RFV) characteristics were investigated. According to the results of this study, while statistically differences were found among the vetch species in terms of PH, FFY, CP, ADF and features, there was a difference among the interactions only in term of CP. PH, FFY, CP and ADF values of vetch species were found between 86.15-148.73 cm, 1900.33-2045.83 kg da-1 , 19.99-21.82 % DM-1 and 30.58-35.05 % DM-1 , respectively. On the other hand, CP values of interactions ranged from 18.89 to 22.54 % DM-1. The effect of organic fertilizer applications on the yield and quality of vetch species has been limited. However, it has been determined that over 500 kg da-1 dry forage yield can be obtained from hairy vetch applied to animal manure. Conclusions: The data obtained showed that vetch species could be an important source in the supply of roughage needed in organic animal husbandry and hairy vetch has higher yields than other species. In addition, although statistically insignificant, it can be said that animal manure is more effective in vetch cultivation than zeolite and leonardite under Amik Plain conditions. Significance and Impact of the Study: There are a limited number of studies on the use of fertilizers in organic vetch cultivation. With the research carried out, the results that can help farmers who make organic vetch cultivation and future research have been obtained. In addition, it was concluded that dose determination studies should be carried out in the fertilizers used.
Genotype choosing and cutting stage are very significant to obtained better forage yield and quality. However, researches about forage production from quinoa plant genotypes harvested at different cutting stages are not enough in Mediterranean conditions. This study was conducted to determine the forage yield and quality of five different quinoa genotypes (Red head, Cherry vanilla, French vanilla, Mint vanilla and Titicaca) at three different cutting stages (flowering, milky and dough). The experiment was laid out in split plot of randomized complete blocks with three replications in 2019 and 2020 years. To evaluate the forage yield and quality of different quinoa genotypes harvested at different cutting stages, plant height, stem diameter, dry forage yield, dry matter content, water soluble carbohydrate, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, condensed tannins, ether extract, crude protein, crude ash, organic matter, non-fiber carbohydrate and relative feed value properties were investigated. As a result of the research, it was determined that it is appropriate to harvest quinoa as a roughage source at the dough stage, and that Mint vanilla genotype is the most productive genotype.
Heavy metal contamination in soils can adversely affect seed germination and seedling growth of most plants. This research was conducted to determine the effects of different doses (0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg L-1) of Ni (nickel), Cd (cadmium), Pb (lead), Cr (chromium) and Hg (mercury) on seed germination and seedling growth of sorghum. The study was conducted in laboratory conditions at the Agricultural Faculty of Akdeniz University in 2017. Sorghum cv. N48×Early Sumac was used as the plant material. In the research, germination rate (GR), relative germination index (RGI), mean germination time (MGT), relative vigor index (RVI), relative root length (RRL), relative shoot length (RSL), root fresh weight (RFW) and shoot fresh weight (SFW) were measured during germination and seedling growth to determine the effects of heavy metals. The results showed that both germination and seedling growth properties were adversely affected by heavy metals. In addition, while the negative effect of cadmium on germination properties was limited, it had serious negative effects on seedling characteristics of sorghum. Increasing heavy metal doses adversely affected all investigated properties. In conclusion, all heavy metals including Hg and Cd had negative effect on germination and seedling growth of sorghum in the study.
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