This study was carried out to determine the effects of different heavy metals and its doses on germination and early seedling stage of maize (Zea mays L.) at the Akdeniz Univesity, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Field Crops in 2017. Heavy metals such as lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) and its doses such as 0 (control), 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg L -1 were used as experimental factors. This research was laid out on the factorial arrangements design in randomized parcels with 4 replications. Germination percentage (%), germination index, mean germination time (day), radicle length (mm), plumula length (mm), radicle fresh weight (mg plant -1 ), plumula fresh weight (mg plant -1 ), radicle dry weight (mg plant -1 ) and plumula dry weight (mg plant -1 ) properties were investigated in germination and early seedling stage of maize. As results of this study, Toxicity effects of heavy metals used in this research were listed as mercury> cadmium> lead> chromium> nickel. Also, in 400 and 800 mg L -1 doses of mercury and cadmium heavy metals were found to be more toxic than the same doses of others. 100 and 200 mg L -1 doses of heavy metals used in this work caused the stimulant effects on germination and early seedling stage of maize.
Heavy metal contamination in soils can adversely affect seed germination and seedling growth of most plants. This research was conducted to determine the effects of different doses (0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg L-1) of Ni (nickel), Cd (cadmium), Pb (lead), Cr (chromium) and Hg (mercury) on seed germination and seedling growth of sorghum. The study was conducted in laboratory conditions at the Agricultural Faculty of Akdeniz University in 2017. Sorghum cv. N48×Early Sumac was used as the plant material. In the research, germination rate (GR), relative germination index (RGI), mean germination time (MGT), relative vigor index (RVI), relative root length (RRL), relative shoot length (RSL), root fresh weight (RFW) and shoot fresh weight (SFW) were measured during germination and seedling growth to determine the effects of heavy metals. The results showed that both germination and seedling growth properties were adversely affected by heavy metals. In addition, while the negative effect of cadmium on germination properties was limited, it had serious negative effects on seedling characteristics of sorghum. Increasing heavy metal doses adversely affected all investigated properties. In conclusion, all heavy metals including Hg and Cd had negative effect on germination and seedling growth of sorghum in the study.
The change of essential oil ratios and components of five different basil genotypes harvested at different times (00:00, 06:00, 12:00, 18:00) in day was investigated. Plants were grown under the field conditions and essential oils of the plants were extracted by hydro-distillation method. Identification of essential oil components were performed by GC-MS. It was the G5 genotype that had the highest essential oil content in all plant parts, regardless of the time of day. The highest essential oil content (2.8%) was obtained from the dry leaves of the G5 genotype from the sampling made at 18:00. The main components of essential oils were determined as linalool, eucalyptol, trans α-bergamotene, methyl cinnamate, α-muurolol and eugenol. However, while the ratios of these components differed between genotypes, the changes in time of day were similar for some components. Linalool content tended to increase mostly in the middle of the day. This study indicated that essential oil ratio and components of different basil genotypes significantly differed according to harvesting times in day. Bangladesh J. Bot. 51(4): 787-795, 2022 (December)
Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants are generally grown due to its medicinal properties. However, basil plants produce seed with a considerable amount at the end of growing season. This study was conducted to determine seed yield and quality and fixed oil components of eight different basil (B) genotypes which have purple (PB) and green (GB) leaf color and were obtained from different countries. To determine the seed yield and quality and fixed oil components, the properties of seed yield, 1000 seeds weight, oil ratio, oil yield, crude protein, ash, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hexadeca-trienoic acid, ethyl linolate and trace oil contents were examined. Seed yield, 1000 seeds weight and oil yield were significant statistically among the genotypes. While the best results in terms of seed and oil yield was obtained from GB1, the highest 1000 seeds weight was recorded in GB4. Palmitic acid and trace oil contents of genotypes were significant statistically. The highest palmitic acid content was detected in GB2, whereas the maximum trace oil contents were obtained from GB5. In results of principle compo-nents analysis (PCA) purple and green basil types demonstrated different features in terms of fixed oil components. GB2, GB4 and GB5 basil genotypes which have green leaf type were superior according to the PCA. GB2 genotype obtained from Hungary was the better in terms of seed yield and fixed oil compo-nents among the purple and green basil genotypes used in this research.
In the present study the diurnal variations in plant parts of different purple basil genotypes were determined. Three different purple basil genotypes (Arapgir, Piros and Midnight) were used as plant material. Plants were harvested at 06:00, 12:00, 18:00 and 00:00 hrs to determine the diurnal variation within a day at harvesting time. Essential oil ratio among genotypes, harvesting times and parts of plant varied between 0.46- 0.95%, 0.60 to 0.92% and 0.14-1.29%, respectively. Essential oil ratios among the triple interactions were found to range from 0.05 to 2.57%. The major essential oil was linalool in all genotypes. Results showed that the higher essential oil ratio can be obtained from dry flowers of Arapgir genotype harvested at 00:00 and also, Midnight genotype contained higher essential oil content than others. Bangladesh J. Bot. 52(2): 357-367, 2023 (June)
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