Decrease in SOD activity and the higher levels of MDA and PC indicate increased oxidative stress. Our results suggest a possible role of oxidative stress in pathology of PEX syndrome.
Aim: Our purpose was to investigate the possible roles of nitrite levels and the activity of paraoxonase (PON), xanthine oxidase (XO) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) in the pathogenesis of pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome. Methods: Serum samples were taken from 43 patients with PEX and 41 control subjects. The serum PON, XO and ADA activities and nitrite levels were assayed by spectrophotometric methods. Results: The PON, ADA and XO activities and nitrite levels (means ± standard deviation) were 81.72 ± 42.56 U/ml, 19.75 ± 5.72 U/l, 0.16 ± 0.09 U/l and 94.23 ± 27.72 μmol/l in the PEX group, respectively. In the control group, the PON, ADA and XO activities and the nitrite levels were 111.02 ± 43.51 U/ml, 15.21 ± 3.93 U/l, 0.13 ± 0.06 U/l and 61.96 ± 19.05 μmol/l, respectively. The serum PON activity was significantly lower in the PEX group when compared with the control group. The serum XO and ADA activities and nitrite levels were significantly higher in the patients with PEX when compared with the control subjects. Conclusion: Decreased PON (an antioxidant enzyme) activity as well as increased ADA and XO activities and nitrite levels indicate that oxidative stress is increased and purine metabolism is altered in PEX syndrome.
Purpose Protein oxidation is an oxidative stress marker and the oxidation of proteins is analysed by measuring the carbonyl groups. Protein oxidation can have a role in the physiopathology of pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the protein oxidation in the aqueous humour and serum of cataract patients with and without PEX. Methods A multicenter study was carried out. Aqueous humour and serum samples were collected from patients who underwent routine cataract surgery. Patients were divided into PEX (n ¼ 29) and control (n ¼ 27) groups. Patients had no elevated intraocular pressure or glaucoma. Spectrophotometer was used to measure protein carbonyl (PC) levels in the samples. Results Mean PC concentration in the PEX aqueous (2.1871.51 nmol/l) and serum (119.62713.2 nmol/l) samples was significantly higher than that measured in the control aqueous (1.3170.47 nmol/l) and serum (105.857 11.76 nmol/l) samples, respectively (Po 0.001). Conclusion The increased PC levels in the aqueous humour and serum of PEX patients suggest that protein oxidation may play a role in the physiopathology of PEX.
This paper presents an evaluation of resin flow in carbon fiber reinforced polymer by means of small embedded pressure sensors. High-quality carbon fiber reinforced polymer parts require entire impregnation of fibers with resin before resin curing starts. Small piezo-resistive pressure sensors are used to measure the vacuum hold and to track resin flow and pressure elevation inside the composite part. The sensors are placed at different locations in the fiber stacks. Real-time pressure changes are obtained inside the laminate during infusion. To reduce the size of the embedded sensing element, the sensor dies are flip-chipped on a thin printed circuit board. The two component thermoset resin (RIM 035 c) and uni-directional carbon fiber with the alignment of 30° are used in a complex-shaped mold. The result shows that the flip-chipped piezo-resistive pressure sensors can be used in conductive fibers to monitor resin arrival and pressure development in vacuum assisted resin transfer molding infusion processes. The sensors are supplied by a constant current source to compensate the sensitivity reduction if the temperature changes in the curing process.
An 18-year-old man presented with vertical diplopia secondary to the trochlear nerve palsy as the only neurological manifestation of tuberculous meningitis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of isolated trochlear nerve palsy secondary to tuberculous meningitis.
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