WENTY-FIVE bacterial isolates were isolated from mature …… compost and evaluated for their solubilization potential of insoluble zinc oxide and zinc carbonate. An efficient zinc-solubilizing bacterial isolate (Zn14) were chosen. Thereafter, some morphological and biochemical characteristics as well as 16S rRNA sequence indicated that the isolate belonged to Enterobacter cloacae. The effect of various carbon and nitrogen sources on the efficiency of Zn solubilization were investigated under shaking and static conditions. The selected bacterial strain could solubilize Zn compounds under a wide range of nutrient types. A pot experiment was conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Sakha, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt to study the efficiency of using Enterobacter cloacae as an in vivo Zn solubilizer either alone or with amended zinc compounds (ZnO and ZnCO 3) to the soil and its effect on growth parameters of Zea mays under sterile and non-sterile soil at the age of 30 and 60 days. There was a highly significant response for increased Zn uptake in all treatments compared to the control. The treatment with ZnO and E. cloacae was the more effective in terms of total chlorophyll plant dry weight compared to the control. To solve zinc nutrition problem using a biofertilizer, it is obvious that E. cloacae is capable of solubilizing insoluble zinc compounds by inoculation to increase crop growth and improve soil fertility.
The plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) application could reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers and increase the sustainability of crop production. Halophilic bacteria that have PGPR characteristics can be used in different environmental stresses. Two different strains isolated, purified, characterized as a PGPRs and phylogenetic identification using 16sRNA which was revealed to be closest matched at 99% with Bacillus halotolerans and Lelliottia amnigena. The isolates possessed plant growth promoting properties as exopolysaccharides (EPS) and indole acetic acid (IAA) production, Bacillus halotolerans had the ability to fix elemental nitrogen and the two strains have the ability to P-solubilization. Furthermore, the strains were evaluated in alleviation of different levels of salt stress on wheat plant at two experiments (Pots and a Field). Strains under study conditions significantly increased the plant height, straw dry weight (DW g plant -1 ), spike number, 1000 grain DW recorded 31.550 g with Lelliottia amnigena MSR-M49 compared to uninoculated and other strain in field, grain yield recorded 2.77 (ton fed -1 ) with Lelliottia amnigena as El-Akhdar et al.; JAMB, 20(1): 44-58, 2020; Article no.JAMB.54546 45 well as N% and protein content in grains recorded 1.213% and 6.916 respectively with inoculation with Lelliottia amnigena, also, spikes length, inoculated wheat show reduction in both proline accumulation in shoots and roots especially with Lelliottia amnigena recorded 2.79 (mg g -1 DW), inoculation significantly increased K + in root-shoot, K + /Na + in root-shoot and reduced Na + in rootshoot compared with control. This confirmed that this consortium could provide growers with a sustainable approach to reduce salt effect on wheat production. Original Research Article
O RGANIC farming is an advantageous agricultural system that enhances agro-ecosystem health, including biogeochemical cycles, biological activity and biodiversity in soils. In this regard, pots and lyzemeter experiments were conducted to evaluate eight compost preparations, and to investigate the combined effect of compost-Azotobacter chroococcum on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cv. Misr 2 under different nitrogen levels (25, 50, 75 and 100% of full dose of nitrogen fertilizer). In pot experiment, application of compost treatment No. 8 (produced by mixture of rice straw, cattle dung and inoculated with Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus sonorensis) attained the highest vegetative growth parameters at 46.3 cm plant height, 8.92 g plant fresh weight and 2.96 g dry weight of wheat plants at 30 days after sowing comparing with control. On the other hand, results in lyzemeter experiment showed that treatment No. 9 (50% of full dose of nitrogen fertilizer + 50% compost (pile 8) + inoculation with A. chroococcum), is the most effective treatment for enhancing growth dynamics, enzyme activity and microbial populations. Also, the highest data of biological yield, grain yield and straw yield were recorded 22.5, 8.64, and 13.92 ton ha -1 , compared to traditional N-fertilizer, respectively. Therefore, this study could establish the successive uses of cellulase producing microbes, B. licheniformis and B. sonorensis, and N 2 -fixing bacteria A. chroococcum as friendly microorganisms to improve wheat production.
IGHTEEN isolates of Azospirillum were collected from different sites at Kafrelsheikh Governorate. The isolates were cultivated on nitrogen-free malate (NFM) medium supplemented with different NaCl g l-1 concentrations (0, 0.7 and 1.5%) and tryptophan to study the salt tolerant in vitro and indole acetic acid production. Pots were used to evaluate the most salt-tolerant and efficient species and soils of this experiment had artificially salinized with different salinity levels. The most salt-tolerant A 10 and A 11 species were genetically identified by 16S rRNA sequencing and the results revealed to be closest matched at 98% A. lipoferum strains and selected to inoculate wheat plants. The investigated A. lipoferum species had variable divergence growth at different salinity levels. Actually, increased salinity had deleterious effect on IAA production. In addition, salinity had deleterious effect on dry weights of plants, number and dry weight of branches, total chlorophyll, sodium and potassium% with increasing salinity levels. But, inoculation with associative nitrogen fixation A. lipoferum isolates enhanced the previous parameters. Thus, inoculation with the salt-tolerant A.lipoferum isolates decreased the deleterious effect of salt stress on wheat plants.
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