The present results provide some explanation for the previously noted high incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma in Saudi transplant patients.

ObjectiveTo review the mode of presentation and clinical course of patients with prostate cancer during a specified period, as the detection rate is tending to increase, with most patients presenting at an advanced stage, and yet the overall incidence and prevalence rates are low.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed all aspects of care for patients who were diagnosed between May 2006 and July 2010.ResultsIn all, 76 men had a histologically confirmed prostatic adenocarcinoma diagnosed between May 2006 and July 2010 (mean age 71.1 years, SD 8). The median (range) prostate-specific antigen level at diagnosis was 52 (1.2–16,230) ng/mL. Of the patients, 74% had a Gleason grade of ⩾ 7 on diagnosis, and 64% had extraprostatic disease on presentation. Active surveillance was adopted in four patients, and four others were maintained on watchful waiting. Six patients had a radical prostatectomy, in one of whom it was a salvage procedure. Six patients received external-beam radical radiotherapy, five of whom had neoadjuvant, concurrent and adjuvant hormonal therapy. All remaining patients were treated primarily with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). Of the patients on hormonal manipulation, in 56% the cancer became castrate-resistant within the mean (SD) follow-up of 17.2 (15) months. Of patients treated primarily with ADT, 34% died. The death rate among the whole group was 23%. Both percentages include both prostate cancer-specific and non-specific mortality.ConclusionAn advanced stage of disease at presentation mandates an early-detection, hospital-based screening programme. Further research should include many more patients and be based in several centres.

Introducere: Rinichii cu artere multiple reprezintã o provocare deosebitã pentru chirurg, atât în timpul nefrectomiei la donator cât şi al transplantului renal. Scopuri: Scopurile acestui studiu sunt evaluarea rezultatelor atât a donatorilor cât şi a recipienţilor rinichilor cu artere multiple procuraţi pe cale laparoscopicã. Pacienţi şi Metodã: Am analizat retrospectiv datele medicale a tuturor recipienţilor şi a donatorilor vii care au donat rinichi pe cale laparoscopicã între aprilie 2009 şi decembrie 2014. Detaliile intraoperatorii şi evoluţia imediatã au fost comparate între donatorii şi recipienţii de rinichi cu artere multiple şi donatorii şi recipienţii de rinichi cu arterã renalã unicã. Rezultate: Dintr-un total de 250 donatori la care s-a practicat nefrectomia laparoscopicã 43 (17,2%) au avut artere renale multiple. Timpul operator mediu a fost semnificativ statistic mai lung în grupul cu artere multiple (168,1 min vs 135,3 min; p=0,001), cu toate acestea durata ischemiei calde, respectiv rece, au fost similare în cele douã grupuri. Nu au fost consemnate complicaţii la donatorii din ambele grupuri, nici conversii la nefrectomia pe cale deschisã. Durata spitalizãrii postoperatorii a fost similarã pentru cele douã grupuri. Deasemenea nu a existat nici o diferenţã semnificativã statistic între rata funcţionãrii imediate a grefelor renale din ambele grupuri. Concluzii: Nefrectomia laparoscopicã la donatorii cu artere multiple este o procedurã sigurã şi nu are un impact semnificativ asupra evoluţiei ulterioare a donatorului sau a funcţionãrii grefei renale.

The success of a pediatric kidney transplantation program can only be judged by reviewing its results. We aim to audit our short-term outcome of pediatric kidney transplantation at the King Fahad Specialist Hospital-Dammam. A retrospective chart review was performed to collect data about recipient demographics, etiology of end-stage kidney disease, type of dialysis, type of donor and outcome. Between September 2008 and April 2012, 35 pediatric kidney trans-plantations (<16 year) were performed of a total of 246 kidney transplants (14.2%). The mean age was 8.1 years, with a mean weight of 23.3 kg, and there were 21 (60%) boys in the study. Kidney dysplasia/hypoplasia was the most common etiology (51.4%). Preemptive kidney transplantation was performed in six (17%) patients. Peritoneal dialysis was the most common mode of dialysis [24 (69%) children]. Living donation was the source of kidney allografts in 13 (37%) cases. During a mean follow-up of 1.5 years, one patient died and one graft was lost due to kidney vein thrombosis. The one year patient and graft survival rates were 97% and 94%, respectively. Efforts should now be focused on achieving optimal long-term results. There is also a need to encourage preemptive transplantation and living donation in this population.

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