The magnitude of chronic renal disease is enormous, as the prevalence of kidney failure is rising. Anaemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that develops early in its course and becomes increasingly severe as the disease progresses. The aim is to evaluate the serum level of iron, Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation and ferritin in chronic kidney disease population in Zaria and control subjects. This study was conducted at ABUTH Zaria were 125 patients in various stages of CKD who presented at the nephrology clinic and equal number of apparently healthy age and sex matched controls were recruited. The mean (SD) age of patient and controls were 48 (14) years. These were made up of 53.6% males, and 46.4% females. Mean values of serum creatinine significantly higher in the patients (<0.0001). There was no significant difference in the mean values of iron (p=0.32) and TIBC (p=1.29) in both study groups. The patients had a significantly (p˂0.0001) higher mean value for ferritin and TSAT than the control group. There were higher serum creatinine and ferritin values in males than in females while higher serum TIBC, estimated creatinine clearance and iron were observed in females than males. Serum creatinine, ferritin and estimated creatinine clearance of male patients were found to be significantly higher with p-value of 0.002, 0.000 and 0.028 respectively than that of female patients. No significant differences were noted in serum levels of iron, TIBC and TSAT. Serum creatinine, ferritin and TSAT were found to be significantly elevated in CKD patients while serum Iron and TIBC were not.
Cases of diabetes are on the rise in almost every population and epidemiological studies suggest that without proper prevention and control measures, prevalence of the disease will continue to increase globally. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of camel milk supplementation on serum glucose, lipid profile and body weight of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Rats were rendered diabetic by intravenous injection of alloxan (80mg/kg body weight). Diabetic rats showed significantly higer blood glucose levels (9.68±1.36 mmol/L). Treatment with camel milk significantly decreases blood glucose levels (5.33±0.46) p<0.05 compared to control. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and a significant decrease (p<0.05) in high density lipoprotein cholesterol in diabetic untreated rats as compared with control group. However, a significant decrease (p<0.05) in total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and a significant increase (p<0.05) in high density lipoprotein cholesterol was observed in diabetic treated with camel milk group as compared with diabetic untreated group. No significant change in body weights were observed in all experimental groups during the period of the experiment. The current study demonstrates the efficacy of camel milk in management of diabetes in alloxan induced diabetic rats. This suggests that camel milk may have important implication in the management of diabetes. Further studies are required to elucidate the safety as well as the mechanism of action.
In Corporate Businesses dividend policy have been some of the most crucial issues faced by managers in decision making. This study Investigate the Impact of dividend policy on the financial performance of consumer goods companies in Nigeria. Ex-post Factor research design was employed and data was extracted from the annual report and accounts of the sampled companies covering a period of 8years (2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017). The data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and the result showed that dividend per share has positive with significant and insignificant relationship on return on assets and return on equity respectively. Dividend payout has negative and insignificant relationship on return on assets. Dividend payout has positive and insignificant relationship on return on equity. The study concluded that DPR has both positive and negative impact on ROA and ROE respectively. The study recommended that Managers should ensure that their organizations have a good dividend policy that encourages higher dividend per share and minimized dividend payout ratio for it to have good financial performance.
Glucose levels in the blood are elevated because the pancreas' b-cells produce less insulin or are more resistant to the hormone's effects. Diabetes mellitus is a persistent metabolic condition. Insulin is linked to long-term difficulties in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The objective of this study was to determine kidney indices and serum electrolytes of diabetic patients attending Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, Gombe State. In total, A total of 240 subjects were used for the analysis (200 diabetic and 40 control subjects) and were divided based on their ages and gender Face to face inter-view was used to collect the data and other possible clinical data associated with diabetes mellitus. Fasting venous blood sample was collected to assess serum kidney indices, weight and height were recorded. The result shows individual kidney abnormalities of elevated serum creatinine and urea, elevated level of chloride and reduced sodium and bicarbonate level, according to gender and age groups. Gender, aging, higher body mass indexes (BMI), kidney indices abnormalities and electrolytes imbalance, were the risk factors associated with diabetes mellitus that led to diabetic nephropathy which can increase morbidity and mortality in diabetes mellitus. Effective control of blood sugar can stop or prevent the progression of diabetes mellitus to all these complications.
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